{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:27:30Z","timestamp":1777854450142,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,9]],"date-time":"2011-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Temporal information is one of the essential components in many domains, especially those related to history. Up until the twentieth century, the Chinese used a lunisolar calendar with the title of an Emperor and a reign period to express temporal information. When describing a historical event in Chinese history, it is inadequate to use existing time ontologies as presented in the traditional Chinese way of thinking to capture and encode time. To date, no attention in the field has been given to modelling ancient Chinese time. In this paper, we identify the problems encountered when modelling Chinese time resulting from the distinctive nature of a non-western time scale. We design a new model of temporal information with combined approaches, which are more appropriate for Chinese dynasties, emperors, and reign periods, and apply the OWL-Time ontology onto the ancient Chinese lunisolar calendar. This approach can also be applied to other ancient time-keeping methods in non-western time scales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551511406063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]],"date-time":"2011-05-10T00:35:46Z","timestamp":1304987746000},"page":"332-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Modelling ancient Chinese time ontology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"family":"Qing Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Studies, McGill University, Canada"}]},{"given":"Eun G.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Studies, McGill University, Canada,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-4425-0_8897"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Zhong-guo li-shi ji-nian-biao","author":"Fang SM","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"575","volume":"2010","author":"Zhang C.","journal-title":"Berlin: Springer"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"175","volume":"4","author":"Galton A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"epistemic and temporal reasoning"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AIC-1994-7102"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Representing complex temporal phenomena for the semantic web and natural language [PhD thesis]","author":"Pan F.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5840\/monist196953314"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/182.358434"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Proceedings of the second national conference on artificial intelligence","author":"Vilain MB"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/4.5.531"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson D. The logical form of action sentences. In: Rescher N (ed.) The logic of decision and action. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967, pp. 81-95","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.13027259.6"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-005-7882-7"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Goggett LE Calendars. In: Seidelmann PK (ed.) Explanatory upplement of the Astronomical Almanac. 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