{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:27:33Z","timestamp":1777854453448,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]],"date-time":"2011-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is argued that in order to establish a new theoretical approach to information science it is necessary to express disagreement with some established views. The \u2018social turn\u2019 in information science is not just exemplified in relation to the works of Marcia Bates but in relation to many different researchers in the field. Therefore it should not be taken personally, and the debate should focus on the substance. Professor Bates has contributed considerably to information science. In spite of this, some of her theoretical points of departure may be challenged. It is important to seek theoretical clarity, and this may involve a degree of schematic confrontation that should not be confused with theoretical one-sidedness, \u2018Manicheanism\u2019 or lack of respect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551511423169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,14]],"date-time":"2011-09-14T00:48:58Z","timestamp":1315961338000},"page":"546-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Theoretical clarity is not \u2018Manicheanism\u2019: A reply to Marcia Bates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Birger","family":"Hj\u00f8rland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal School of Library and Information Science, Denmark"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bibr1-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21480","volume":"62","author":"Hj\u00f8rland B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"bibr2-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21451"},{"key":"bibr3-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21261"},{"key":"bibr4-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates MJ. Birger Hj\u00f8rland\u2019s Manichean misconstruction of Marcia Bates\u2019 work. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.21594\/pdf (2011, accessed August 2011).","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21594"},{"key":"bibr5-0165551511423169","unstructured":"Bates MJ. Information and knowledge: an evolutionary framework for information science. Information Research 2005; 10(4): paper 239, http:\/\/InformationR.net\/ir\/10-4\/paper239.html (accessed 22 August 2011)."},{"key":"bibr6-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20369"},{"key":"bibr7-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20796"},{"key":"bibr8-0165551511423169","first-page":"2347","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of library and information sciences","volume":"3","author":"Bates MJ","year":"2010","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr9-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20620"},{"key":"bibr10-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20972"},{"key":"bibr11-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139171434"},{"key":"bibr12-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21523"},{"key":"bibr13-0165551511423169","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Theories of information behavior","author":"Bates MJ","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr14-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb024320"},{"key":"bibr15-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_57_06_514"},{"key":"bibr16-0165551511423169","unstructured":"Bates MJ. What is browsing \u2013 really? A model drawing from behavioural science research. Information Research 2007; 12(4): paper 330, http:\/\/informationr.net\/ir\/12-4\/paper330.html (accessed 22 August 2011)."},{"key":"bibr17-0165551511423169","volume-title":"Steps to an ecology of mind","author":"Bateson G","year":"1972"},{"key":"bibr18-0165551511423169","first-page":"39","volume-title":"The collected works of L.S. Vygotsky, vol. 1: problems of general psychology","author":"Vygotsky LS","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr19-0165551511423169","volume-title":"Acts of meaning","author":"Bruner J","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr20-0165551511423169","volume-title":"Introduction to information science and technology","author":"Davis CH","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr21-0165551511423169","volume-title":"Everyday information practices: a social phenomenological perspective","author":"Savolainen R","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr22-0165551511423169","volume-title":"International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences","volume":"1","author":"Smelser NJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr23-0165551511423169","first-page":"41","volume-title":"International encyclopedia of the social sciences","volume":"2","author":"Berelson B","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr24-0165551511423169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203430446"},{"key":"bibr25-0165551511423169","unstructured":"Beall J. 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