{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:02:53Z","timestamp":1784307773637,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496880000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Exploratory search is a specialised form of information searching behaviour that is open-ended, dynamic and multi-faceted in nature. The study elaborates the picture of exploratory search by concentrating on two theoretical frameworks for studying searching of this type, that is, the berrypicking model and the information foraging theory. The study focuses on two major issues: the motivators for exploratory search and the nature of search processes. The findings draw on the conceptual analysis of 30 key studies on this topic. The berrypicking model posits changing information needs as the main motivator for information searching, while the information foraging theory emphasises the role need for performing a task as a main trigger of information seeking. The berrypicking model devotes more attention to focused searching as a key constituent of exploratory search, while the information foraging theory concentrates on the characterisation of exploratory browsing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551517713168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T09:29:37Z","timestamp":1496914177000},"page":"580-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Berrypicking and information foraging: Comparison of two theoretical frameworks for studying exploratory search"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Reijo","family":"Savolainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Communication Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1121949.1121979"},{"key":"bibr2-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02260-9","volume-title":"Exploratory search: Beyond the query-response paradigm","author":"White RW","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr3-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54812-3_7"},{"key":"bibr4-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23595"},{"key":"bibr5-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb024320"},{"key":"bibr6-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pirolli P, Card S. Information foraging in information access environments. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI\u201995), 1995, pp. 51\u201388. New York: ACM, http:\/\/www2.parc.com\/istl\/groups\/uir\/publications\/items\/UIR-1995-07-Pirolli-CHI95-Foraging.pdf (accessed January 2017).","DOI":"10.1145\/223904.223911"},{"key":"bibr7-0165551517713168","unstructured":"Wildemuth BM, Freund L. Assigning search tasks designed to elicit exploratory search behaviors. In: Proceedings of the HCIR 2012, Cambridge, MA, 4\u20135 October 2012. New York: ACM, https:\/\/ils.unc.edu\/searchtasks\/publication\/publication_2.pdf (accessed January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr8-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026918"},{"key":"bibr9-0165551517713168","volume-title":"Information need: a theory connecting information search to knowledge formation","author":"Cole C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr10-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.1984.9959994"},{"key":"bibr11-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(95)80035-R"},{"key":"bibr12-0165551517713168","unstructured":"Bates MJ. What is browsing: really? A model drawing from behavioural science research. Inform Res 2007; 12(4), http:\/\/InformationR.net\/ir\/12-4\/paper330.html (accessed January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr13-0165551517713168","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Information seeking behavior and technology adoption: theories and trends","author":"Linard LL","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr14-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21364"},{"key":"bibr15-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139525305"},{"key":"bibr16-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.4.643"},{"key":"bibr17-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195173321.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr18-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10502-005-2594-8"},{"key":"bibr19-0165551517713168","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Proceedings of the sixth international research forum in information science (IRFIS 6)","author":"Bates MJ.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr20-0165551517713168","volume-title":"The turn: integration of information seeking and retrieval in context","author":"Ingwersen P","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr21-0165551517713168","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Theories of information behavior","author":"Bates MJ","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr22-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_29_03_178"},{"key":"bibr23-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21541"},{"key":"bibr24-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016555158901500406"},{"key":"bibr25-0165551517713168","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Bates MJ.","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Rev Inform Behav Res"},{"key":"bibr26-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-06-2013-0082"},{"key":"bibr27-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-5809(76)90040-X"},{"key":"bibr28-0165551517713168","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Hunter-gatherer foraging strategies: ethnographic and archaeological analyses","author":"Smith EA.","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr29-0165551517713168","volume-title":"Foraging theory","author":"Stephens DW","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr30-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042769"},{"key":"bibr31-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20197"},{"key":"bibr32-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2008.04.002"},{"key":"bibr33-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12147"},{"key":"bibr34-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JSIT-01-2014-0003"},{"key":"bibr35-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000079"},{"key":"bibr36-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/602724"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr37-0165551517713168","first-page":"17","volume":"25","author":"Sandstrom PE.","year":"1999","journal-title":"B Am Soc Inform Inf"},{"key":"bibr38-0165551517713168","volume-title":"Ambient findability","author":"Morville P.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr39-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20249"},{"key":"bibr40-0165551517713168","unstructured":"Chi E, Pirolli P, Chen K, Using information scent to model user information needs and actions on the Web. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI\u201901, Seattle, WA, 31 March\u20134 April 2001. New York: ACM, http:\/\/www2.parc.com\/istl\/groups\/uir\/publications\/items\/UIR-2001&ndash;07-Chi-CHI2001-InfoScentModel.pdf (accessed January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr41-0165551517713168","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Adaptive perspectives on human-technology interaction: methods and models for cognitive engineering and human-computer interaction","author":"Pirolli P","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr42-0165551517713168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2011.599041"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0165551517713168","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0165551517713168","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0165551517713168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:08:31Z","timestamp":1777504111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0165551517713168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0165551517713168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0165551517713168","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5515","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]]}}}