{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:28:08Z","timestamp":1777854488669,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"universiti sains malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1001\/PKOMP\/811335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001\/PKOMP\/811335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent advancements in social media have generated a myriad of unstructured geospatial data. Travel narratives are among the richest sources of such spatial clues. They are also a reflection of writers\u2019 interaction with places. One of the prevalent ways to model this interaction is a points of interest (POIs) graph depicting popular POIs and routes. A relevant notion is that frequent pairwise occurrences of POIs indicate their geographic proximity. This work presents an empirical interpretation of this theory and constructs spatially enriched POI graphs, a clear augmentation to popularity-based POI graphs. A triplet pattern, rule-based spatial relation extraction technique SpatRE is proposed and compared with standard relation extraction systems Ollie and Stanford OpenIE. A travel blogs data set is also contributed containing labelled spatial relations. The performance is further evaluated on SemEval 2013 benchmark data sets. Finally, spatially enriched POI graphs are qualitatively compared with TripAdvisor and Google Maps to visualise information accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551519837188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T03:57:12Z","timestamp":1560139032000},"page":"581-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Spatial information extraction from travel narratives: Analysing the notion of co-occurrence indicating closeness of tourist places"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8012-8850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erum","family":"Haris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keng Hoon","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien-Ping","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2016.1189556"},{"key":"bibr2-0165551519837188","first-page":"551","volume-title":"Foundations of artificial intelligence","author":"Cohn A-G","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr3-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22363-6_9"},{"key":"bibr4-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-409548-9.09597-X"},{"key":"bibr5-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10707-017-0306-1"},{"key":"bibr6-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2016.02.009"},{"key":"bibr7-0165551519837188","first-page":"523","volume-title":"Joint conference on empirical methods in natural language processing and computational natural language learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)","author":"Mausam Schmitz M"},{"key":"bibr8-0165551519837188","volume-title":"53rd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (ACL)","author":"Angeli G"},{"key":"bibr9-0165551519837188","unstructured":"Haris E, Gan KH. Kuala Lumpur travel blogs dataset. Mendeley Data, 2018, v1. https:\/\/data.mendeley.com\/datasets\/9wb5rv45j5\/1"},{"key":"bibr10-0165551519837188","volume-title":"7th international workshop on semantic evaluation","author":"Kolomiyets O"},{"key":"bibr11-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-017-0095-2"},{"key":"bibr12-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1356766707087524"},{"key":"bibr13-0165551519837188","first-page":"205","volume-title":"ACL-IJCNLP conference short papers","author":"Nanba H"},{"key":"bibr14-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287514553057"},{"key":"bibr15-0165551519837188","first-page":"690","volume-title":"13th international multimedia modeling conference","author":"Kori H"},{"key":"bibr16-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39787-5_2"},{"key":"bibr17-0165551519837188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551515603323"},{"key":"bibr18-0165551519837188","volume-title":"14th Wuhan international conference on e-business","author":"Guo L"},{"key":"bibr19-0165551519837188","first-page":"209","volume-title":"1st ACM SIGSPATIAL international workshop on data mining for Geoinformatics","author":"Drymonas E"},{"key":"bibr20-0165551519837188","volume-title":"Cognitive engineering for spatial information processes workshop at 12th international conference on spatial information theory","author":"Kim J","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr21-0165551519837188","first-page":"151","volume":"31","author":"Kim J","year":"2017","journal-title":"KI"},{"key":"bibr22-0165551519837188","first-page":"9","volume-title":"4th international workshop on location and the web","author":"Liu F"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr23-0165551519837188","first-page":"5","volume":"2","author":"Skoumas G","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACM Trans Spat Algorithms Syst"},{"key":"bibr24-0165551519837188","first-page":"275","volume-title":"20th international conference on intelligent user interfaces (IUI)","author":"Yahi A"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr25-0165551519837188","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"Haris E","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intell Decis Technol"},{"key":"bibr26-0165551519837188","first-page":"36","volume-title":"19th European conference on principles of data mining and knowledge discovery (PKDD)","author":"Fournier-Viger P"},{"key":"bibr27-0165551519837188","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Proceedings of the association for computational linguistics LT demo session (ACL)","author":"O\u2019Donnell M"},{"key":"bibr28-0165551519837188","first-page":"11","volume-title":"First workshop on building linguistically generalizable NLP systems (EMNLP)","author":"Schneider R"},{"key":"bibr29-0165551519837188","first-page":"62","volume-title":"First SIGSPATIAL international workshop on computational models of place (COMP)","author":"Khan A"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0165551519837188","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0165551519837188","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0165551519837188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:08:54Z","timestamp":1777504134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0165551519837188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0165551519837188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0165551519837188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5515","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]}}}