{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T07:32:35Z","timestamp":1778916755144,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]],"date-time":"2020-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As part of moves towards open knowledge practices, making peer review open is cited as a way to enable fuller scrutiny and transparency of assessments around research. There are now many flavours of open peer review in use across scholarly publishing, including where reviews are fully attributable and the reviewer is named. This study examines whether there is any evidence of bias in two areas of common critique of open, non-anonymous (named) peer review \u2013 and used in the post-publication, peer review system operated by the open-access scholarly publishing platform F1000Research. First, is there evidence of potential bias where a reviewer based in a specific country assesses the work of an author also based in the same country? Second, are reviewers influenced by being able to see the comments and know the origins of a previous reviewer? Based on over 4\u2009years of open peer review data, we found some weak evidence that being based in the same country as an author may influence a reviewer\u2019s decision, while there was insufficient evidence to conclude that being able to read an existing published review prior to submitting a review encourages conformity. Thus, while immediate publishing of peer review reports appears to be unproblematic, caution may be needed when selecting same-country reviewers in open systems if other studies confirm these results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551520938678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:17:30Z","timestamp":1593994650000},"page":"809-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Does the use of open, non-anonymous peer review in scholarly publishing introduce bias? Evidence from the F1000Research post-publication open peer review publishing model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6065-205X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Thelwall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group, University of Wolverhampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F1000 Research Ltd., UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor-Rose","family":"Papas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Editorial Department, F1000 Research Ltd., UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zena","family":"Nyakoojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F1000 Research Ltd., UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4887-7867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Weigert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jisc, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4141"},{"key":"bibr2-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.150547"},{"key":"bibr3-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11369.1"},{"key":"bibr4-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418218112"},{"key":"bibr5-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014871108"},{"key":"bibr6-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12529"},{"key":"bibr7-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170901"},{"key":"bibr8-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32611-4"},{"key":"bibr9-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/reseval\/rvv009"},{"key":"bibr10-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008993"},{"key":"bibr11-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00011183"},{"key":"bibr12-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1111"},{"key":"bibr13-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-6511-15-55"},{"key":"bibr14-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.22798"},{"key":"bibr15-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189311"},{"key":"bibr16-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7175.23"},{"key":"bibr17-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c5729"},{"key":"bibr18-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.1.47"},{"key":"bibr19-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.21.2784"},{"key":"bibr20-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08250-2"},{"key":"bibr21-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker R, Barros B, Conejo R, et al. Personal attributes of authors and reviewers social bias and the outcomes of peer review: a case study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research, 2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.6012.2","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.6012.2"},{"key":"bibr22-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirkham J, Moher D. Who and why do researchers opt to publish in post-publication peer review platforms? findings from a review and survey of F1000 Research [version 1; peer review: 2 approved 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research, 2018, https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-920\/v1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15436.1"},{"key":"bibr23-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1087\/20150211"},{"key":"bibr24-0165551520938678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312716650046"},{"key":"bibr25-0165551520938678","unstructured":"Barros T, Allen L. Assessment of agreement between two reviewers in the open post-publication peer review process of F1000Research [version 1; not peer reviewed]. 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