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This current survey study addresses sixth-grade students\u2019 self-efficacy beliefs in and attitudes towards online inquiry, and to what extent free-time and school-related Internet activity, gender and learning beliefs explain these. The questionnaire was administered in 10 schools to 340 sixth-graders in Finland. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed three elements of self-efficacy beliefs: self-efficacy in Web searching, the evaluation of sources and synthesising information. Furthermore, attitudes towards online inquiry loaded into two factors: a positive and a negative attitude towards online inquiry. A structural equation model was used to analyse the effects of the explanatory variables on the factors. The results of this work suggest that gender and free-time Internet use predict most sixth-graders\u2019 self-efficacy beliefs in and attitudes towards online inquiry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515211043708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T05:44:14Z","timestamp":1631598254000},"page":"1246-1261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["How do gender, Internet activity and learning beliefs predict sixth-grade students\u2019 self-efficacy beliefs in and attitudes towards online inquiry?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1885-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eero","family":"Sormunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Erdmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Finland"}]},{"given":"Suzanne CSA","family":"Otieno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}]},{"given":"Mirjamaija","family":"Mikkil\u00e4-Erdmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Finland"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Laakkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Finland"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Mikkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3667-1370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Arman","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Quintanilla-Gatica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Chile"}]},{"given":"Paavo HT","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}]},{"given":"Marja","family":"Vauras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Finland"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01655515211043708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74334-9_70"},{"key":"bibr2-01655515211043708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.7494\/human.2012.11.4.131","volume":"11","author":"Alexandersson M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum IT"},{"key":"bibr3-01655515211043708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3435.2011.01491.x"},{"key":"bibr4-01655515211043708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2018.03.004"},{"key":"bibr5-01655515211043708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2018.04.002"},{"key":"bibr6-01655515211043708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2015.02.003"},{"key":"bibr7-01655515211043708","volume-title":"Seeking meaning: a process approach to library and information services","author":"Kuhlthau CC.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr8-01655515211043708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep4004_5"},{"key":"bibr9-01655515211043708","first-page":"321","volume-title":"Comprehension instruction: research-based best practices","author":"Leu DJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr10-01655515211043708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-017-9797-2"},{"key":"bibr11-01655515211043708","unstructured":"Sormunen E, Lehti\u00f6 L. 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