{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:29:24Z","timestamp":1777854564491,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"\n Citation analysis aims at evaluating the published scientific manuscripts, their authors and the publication venues (journals\/conferences). There are several popular metrics for measuring the impact of the journals, the Impact Factor (IF) being the most popular. Similarly, the\n \n \n \n H<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n -index is a popular metric for evaluating and ranking conferences. We have presented a review of metrics for citation analysis, categorised according to their applicability for evaluating journals and conferences. The citation metrics may also be categorised as popularity measuring and prestige measuring. Prestige measuring indicators like SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) and Eigenfactor have already gained popularity for evaluating journals. We discuss their role in evaluating the conferences. Indeed, some conferences have already started mentioning their prestige score in terms of the SJR of their conference proceedings. We also propose a Normalised Immediacy Index (\n \n \n \n I<\/mml:mi>\n \n \n I<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n norm<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ), a variant of the Immediacy Index (\n \n \n \n II<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ), to measure the immediate relevance of articles published in a journal\/conference. It is shown that the proposed metric can be used for immediacy relevance comparison irrespective of the publication schedule of the articles. Spearman correlation was run to determine the relationship between the values of the proposed\n \n \n \n I<\/mml:mi>\n \n \n I<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n norm<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n and traditional metrics (\n \n \n \n H<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n -index for conferences and IF for journals). A strong, positive monotonic correlation was observed between\n \n \n \n I<\/mml:mi>\n \n \n I<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n norm<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n and\n H<\/jats:italic>\n -index (\n \n \n \n \n \n r<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n s<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n \u2009=\u2009.67,\n \n \n \n n<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n \u2009=\u200917,\n \n \n \n p<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n \u2009<\u2009.01) for conferences and between\n \n \n \n I<\/mml:mi>\n \n \n I<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n norm<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n and IF (\n \n \n \n \n \n r<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n s<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n \u2009=\u2009.65,\n \n \n \n n<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n \u2009=\u200920,\n \n \n \n p<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n \u2009<\u2009.01) for journals.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515231151411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T05:27:13Z","timestamp":1675402033000},"page":"570-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Citation metrics and evaluation of journals and conferences"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0121-572X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shikha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SS College of Business Studies, University of Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSE, IIT Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Garfield E. The agony and the ecstasy: the history and meaning of the journal impact factor. Int Congress Peer Rev Biomed 2005 http:\/\/garfield.library.upenn.edu\/papers\/jifchicago2005.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507655102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/crln.68.5.7804"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Group SR. Description of SCImago journal rank indicator 2008 https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/SCImagoJournalRank.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.171582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.07.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-005-0008-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Citation analysis in research evaluation","author":"Moed HF.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moed HF. Citation analysis in research evaluation, vol. 9. Berlin: Springer Science and Business Media, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3152\/030234207X255179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-009-0003-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0352-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Wouters P Thelwall M Kousha K et al. The metric tide. Literature review Supplementary report I to the independent review of the role of metrics in research assessment and management http:\/\/www.dcscience.net\/2015_metrictideS1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.2007.1440410120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410810844150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2009.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-008-2174-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.2010.1440440109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411011066790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9781780630250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-014-1423-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9445.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2015.nov.04"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/reseval\/rvv038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2015.sep.08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2015.sep.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2016.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2320-0057.156020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01462679.2015.1014287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/PMM-08-2016-0036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244019829575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03473-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-3457-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"Citeseer. http:\/\/citeseer.ist.psu.edu (accessed 27 February 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.177579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"Awesome Scholarly Data Analysis. https:\/\/shubhanshu.com\/awesome-scholarly-data-analysis (accessed 9 January 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Web of science core collection: the citation report & the h-index https:\/\/clarivate.libguides.com\/woscc\/citationreport (accessed 22 June 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"Immediacy Index. http:\/\/adminapps.webofknowledge.com\/JCR\/help\/h_immedindex.htm (accessed 22 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","unstructured":"Scopus Journal Metrics. https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/solutions\/scopus\/how-scopus-works\/metrics (accessed 13 September 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","unstructured":"Using Research Indicators. https:\/\/libguides.jcu.edu.au\/research-indicators\/snip-and-sjr (Accessed 1 January 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","unstructured":"Google Scholar Metrics. https:\/\/scholar.google.co.in\/intl\/en\/scholar\/metrics.html (accessed 13 September 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1087\/20130206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2535-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"Conference ranks. http:\/\/www.conferenceranks.com\/ (accessed 28 July 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","unstructured":"Effendy S Yap RHC. Investigations on rating computer sciences conferences. In WWW \u2013 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). URL https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/investigations-on-rating-computer-sciences-conferences\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","unstructured":"Aminer. https:\/\/aminer.org\/ (accessed 28 July 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1859204.1859234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"Core rankings portal. http:\/\/www.core.edu.au\/conference-portal (accessed 28 July 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"Australian Business Deans Council. https:\/\/abdc.edu.au\/research\/ (accessed 23 August 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"Monastersky R. The number that\u2019s devouring science. Chronicle of Higher Education 2005 https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/the-number-thats-devouring-science\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200711140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Eigenfactor. http:\/\/www.eigenfactor.org\/whyeigenfactor.php (accessed 17 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","unstructured":"West J Althouse B Rosvall M et al. Eigenfactor score and article influence score: detailed methods http:\/\/www.eigenfactor.org\/methods.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2009.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903307106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-107938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2012.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","unstructured":"Caires L. Again the role of conference papers in computer science and informatics 2015 http:\/\/ctp.di.fct.unl.pt\/~lcaires\/papers\/conferencesCS.v4.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1839676.1839701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0527-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1107499.1107505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1743546.1743569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","volume-title":"Mentoring advice on \u2018conferences versus journals\u2019 for CSE faculty","author":"Bowyer KW.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bowyer KW. Mentoring advice on \u2018conferences versus journals\u2019 for CSE faculty. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20943"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2018.01.012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01655515231151411","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01655515231151411","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01655515231151411","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:10:01Z","timestamp":1777504201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01655515231151411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01655515231151411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01655515231151411","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5515","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]}}}