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Accurate information is crucial in decision-making; therefore, when designing a management information system (MIS), it is necessary to understand the information needs of the end-users and to incorporate this understanding in a way which allows the users to obtain an accurate and intuitive snapshot of the data. Although most of the day-to-day decisions in various organisations are made by middle management employees (as opposed to executives and senior managers), previous literature has scarcely examined how middle management employees\u2019 decision-making process can be improved through the use of MIS. In this study, we examine the impact of different data summarisation and visualisation layouts on different aspects of the decision-making process taking into consideration the decision-makers\u2019 personal characteristics, and propose to include the results of this examination in the MIS design. To this end, we recruited participants from a crowdsourcing platform. Participants were required to complete a task which simulates middle management employees\u2019 day-to-day operational decision-making scenario. To better understand the effects of participants\u2019 personal characteristics and their visual abilities, participants were asked to answer a personality questionnaire and a questionnaire testing for visual abilities. The results indicate that when looking at the population as a single group, the effect of the data summarisation and visualisation layouts on the decision-making process cannot be discerned. However, when taking into consideration additional user characteristics, the results indicate that the data summarisation and visualisation layouts affect the decisions made.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515231176649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T01:08:51Z","timestamp":1685149731000},"page":"22-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Empowering the middle management: Incorporating data summarisation and visualisation techniques in management information systems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0956-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronyt","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6142-3881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avshalom","family":"Elmalech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University, Israel"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(72)90016-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2018.631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"A review study of information systems","volume":"179","author":"Hasan FF.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hasan FF. 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