{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:29:41Z","timestamp":1777854581968,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Murals unearthed in China have outstanding regional characteristics and one of the largest period spans in scale and variety. To explore the visual distinguishability and topic autocorrelation of murals unearthed in China from the spatial perspective, multiple classification models are employed to classify murals unearthed in China through visual features. Then, the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    -means is employed to mine topics, and they are analysed through topic intensities (TIs), Moran\u2019s Index (MI) and spatial topic concentration degrees (STCDs). In addition, the characteristics of topic distribution and evolution are summarised and revealed in the spatial dimension. From a spatial perspective, it verifies the distinguishability of visual features of murals through ViT_BOW_GNB, and the precision of this model is 98.17%. Thirteen topics are clustered through\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    -means, and the distribution of mural topics is spatial autocorrelation according to MI. Besides, the topic evolves from the political centre to the surrounding area, and the topics with high intensities are highly concentrated in spatial. This study reveals the spatial characteristics of the mural at the level of visual features and semantics, which facilitates the digital management, conservation and knowledge discovery of cultural heritage resources.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515231202761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T08:28:47Z","timestamp":1698136127000},"page":"596-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring the visual distinguishability and topic autocorrelation of murals unearthed in China from the spatial perspective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8760-9254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shouqiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management, Wuhan University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziming","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies of Information Resources, Wuhan University, China; School of Information Management, Wuhan University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8772-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management, Wuhan University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2019.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Xu G. The complete collection of murals unearthed in China. Beijing China: Science Press 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-022-01665-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-020-0355-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-011-4440-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.8.000377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"66","article-title":"The evaluation of approaches to Semantic description of Dunhuang frescoes digital images from the perspective of users","volume":"03","author":"Guo J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo J, Song N, Wang X. The evaluation of approaches to Semantic description of Dunhuang frescoes digital images from the perspective of users. Doc Inf Knowl 2018; 03: 66\u201377.","journal-title":"Doc Inf Knowl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515221074336."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-03-2021-0079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"The spatial attributes of art geography","volume":"1","author":"Liu H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu H, Wang X. The spatial attributes of art geography. Hum Geogr 2004; 1: 58\u201361.","journal-title":"Hum Geogr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003131816-5"},{"issue":"04","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"The empowerment space and governance logic of ancient mural digitization technology \u2013 taking ancient Frescoes as the analysis center","volume":"49","author":"Niu J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Niu J, Gao Y. The empowerment space and governance logic of ancient mural digitization technology \u2013 taking ancient Frescoes as the analysis center. J Henan Norm Univ 2022; 49(04): 103\u2013108.","journal-title":"J Henan Norm Univ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"Study on image system of Chinese tomb mural","volume":"02","author":"Wang X","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang X. Study on image system of Chinese tomb mural. Natl Arts 2014; 02: 38\u201344.","journal-title":"Natl Arts"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Commentary of Chinese fresco developing course","volume":"05","author":"Jiang W","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jiang W. Commentary of Chinese fresco developing course. Bord Econ Cult 2009; 05: 108\u2013109.","journal-title":"Bord Econ Cult"},{"issue":"02","key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Research on mobile visual search model for Dunhuang murals","volume":"42","author":"Zeng Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng Z, Sun S. Research on mobile visual search model for Dunhuang murals. Inf Doc Serv 2021; 42(02): 104\u2013112.","journal-title":"Inf Doc Serv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EL-09-2021-0173"},{"issue":"05","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Classification and recognition of ancient mural paintings in Sichuan based on color feature extraction","volume":"44","author":"Li Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y. Classification and recognition of ancient mural paintings in Sichuan based on color feature extraction. J Southwest Univ (Nat Sci Ed) 2022; 44(05): 203\u2013208.","journal-title":"J Southwest Univ (Nat Sci Ed)"},{"issue":"01","key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Extraction of mural paint loss diseases based on improved U-Net","volume":"29","author":"Lyu S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lyu S, Wang S, Hou M, et al. Extraction of mural paint loss diseases based on improved U-Net. Geomatics World 2022; 29(01): 69\u201374.","journal-title":"Geomatics World"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Mural image inpainting based on edge missing reconstruction and improved priority","volume":"58","author":"Chen Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Chen J, Ai Y, et al. Mural image inpainting based on edge missing reconstruction and improved priority. Laser Optoelectron Prog 2021; 58(24): 231\u2013240.","journal-title":"Laser Optoelectron Prog"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5771\/0943-7444-2021-3-231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5771\/0943-7444-2020-7-604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-03-2017-0033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"CIBDA 2022; 3rd international conference on computer information and big data applications","author":"Zhang M","unstructured":"Zhang M. Application of big data analysis technology in classification statistics of ancient tomb murals. In: CIBDA 2022; 3rd international conference on computer information and big data applications, Wuhan, China, 25\u201327 March 2022, pp. 1\u20137. Berlin: VDE."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"SIGGRAPH Asia 2018 technical briefs","author":"Wang HL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang HL, Han PH, Chen YM, et al. Dunhuang mural restoration using deep learning. In: SIGGRAPH Asia 2018 technical briefs, December 2018, pp. 1\u20134. Tokyo Japan: ACM."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/93.848425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2011.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICS.2018.00046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-018-02834-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11803-020-0598-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/I2C2.2017.8321868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info11010012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J Li Y Yu K et al. Automatic labeling framework for paint loss disease of ancient murals based on hyperspectral image classification and segmentation 2022 https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4215527.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4215527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-021-00740-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3119604."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001419540302"},{"issue":"07","key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","first-page":"684","article-title":"Analysis of patent technology topic evolution based on product life cycle","volume":"41","author":"Ma J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma J, Wang C, Yan L, et al. Analysis of patent technology topic evolution based on product life cycle. J China Soc Sci Tech Inf 2022; 41(07): 684\u2013691.","journal-title":"J China Soc Sci Tech Inf"},{"issue":"07","key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Technology prediction based on core patents technology topic recognition and evolution analysis","volume":"41","author":"Yang H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang H, Wang Y, Zhang L. Technology prediction based on core patents technology topic recognition and evolution analysis. J Intell 2022; 41(07): 49\u201356.","journal-title":"J Intell"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"138","article-title":"Research progress on topic evolution of scientific and technical literatures based on text mining","volume":"66","author":"Liang S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang S, Liu X. Research progress on topic evolution of scientific and technical literatures based on text mining. Libr Inf Serv 2022; 66(13): 138\u2013149.","journal-title":"Libr Inf Serv"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"Analyzing scientific literature with content similarity-topic over time model","volume":"2","author":"He W","year":"2018","unstructured":"He W, Feng G, Xie H. Analyzing scientific literature with content similarity-topic over time model. Data Anal Knowl Discov 2018; 2(11): 64\u201372.","journal-title":"Data Anal Knowl Discov"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-021-03946-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515221074323."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"Simonyan K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simonyan K, Zisserman A. Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv 2014.","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","article-title":"An image is worth 16x16 words: transformers for image recognition at scale","author":"Dosovitskiy A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dosovitskiy A, Beyer L, Kolesnikov A, et al. An image is worth 16x16 words: transformers for image recognition at scale. arXiv 2014.","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPECA53709.2022.9718847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3505244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22581\/muet1982.2001.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/143141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.2004.09402005.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01655515231202761","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01655515231202761","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01655515231202761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:10:16Z","timestamp":1777504216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01655515231202761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01655515231202761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01655515231202761","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5515","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}}}