{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T20:59:43Z","timestamp":1782161983775,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We examine how music subgenres are differentiated from each other within seven parent genres \u2013 classical, folk, reggae, country, blues, electronic and jazz \u2013 according to two different sources, AllMusic and the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Library of Congress Genre\/Form Terms<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Medium was by far the most common differentiator, but there were many others, with most subgenres defined according to multiple characteristic types, the use of which varied greatly across genres. Overall, differentiation was based more on characteristics intrinsic to the music, but prominent extrinsic characteristic types included culture and period. Also prominent was the identification of characteristics associated with other subgenres and genres, representing hybridisation. The resulting codebook of characteristics only partly overlaps with the major facets of music identified in the knowledge organisation literature. Our research conceptualises the musical subgenre, suggesting that music subgenres are differentiated from and connected to other subgenres, and to higher-level genres, in complex, familial ways \u2013 horizontally, vertically and obliquely.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515231203511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T08:37:10Z","timestamp":1698136630000},"page":"631-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A polyphony of characteristics: An analysis of the categorisation of music\u2019s subgenres"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-4958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Hider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Studies, Charles Sturt University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5768-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Studies, University College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Sayers\u2019 manual of classification for librarians","author":"Maltby A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Maltby A. Sayers\u2019 manual of classification for librarians. 5th ed. London: Andr\u00e9 Deutsch, 1975.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007769908591724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poetic.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5771\/0943-7444-2014-2-181"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"144","article-title":"Indexing of musical genres: an epistemological perspective","volume":"30","author":"Abrahamsen KT.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abrahamsen KT. Indexing of musical genres: an epistemological perspective. Knowl Organ 2003; 30(3\/4): 144\u2013169.","journal-title":"Knowl Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Nie K. Inaccurate prediction or genre evolution? Rethinking genre classification. In: ISMIR 2022: 23rd International Society for Music Information retrieval conference Bengaluru India 4\u20138 December 2022 pp. 329\u2013336 https:\/\/dblp.org\/pid\/141\/9592.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"McKay C Fujinaga I. Musical genre classification: is it worth pursuing and how can it be improved? In: ISMIR 2006: 7th International Society for Music Information retrieval conference Montreal VIC Canada 8\u201312 October 2006 pp. 101\u2013106 https:\/\/ismir2006.ismir.net\/PAPERS\/ISMIR06109_Paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Sordo M Celma O Blech M et al. The quest for musical genres: do the experts and the wisdom of crowds agree. In: ISMIR 2008: 9th International Society for Music Information retrieval conference Philadelphia PA 14\u201318 September 2008 pp. 255\u2013260 https:\/\/ismir2008.ismir.net\/papers\/ISMIR2008_267.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Library of Congress. Library of Congress Genre\/Form Terms https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/aba\/publications\/FreeLCGFT\/GENRE.pdf (2022 accessed 27 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Library of Congress. Library of Congress subject headings PDF files https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/aba\/publications\/FreeLCSH\/freelcsh.html (2022 accessed 27 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Library of Congress. Introduction to Library of Congress Genre\/Form Terms for library and archival materials https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/aba\/publications\/FreeLCGFT\/2022-LCGFT-intro.pdf (2022 accessed 1 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/not.2017.0000"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Genre\/form access in library catalogs: a survey on the current state of LCGFT usage","volume":"64","author":"Bitter C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bitter C, Tosaka Y. Genre\/form access in library catalogs: a survey on the current state of LCGFT usage. Libr Resour Tech Serv 2020; 64(2): 44\u201361.","journal-title":"Libr Resour Tech Serv"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"OED. Subgenre https:\/\/www.oed.com\/view\/Entry\/305555?redirectedFrom=sub-genre (2022 accessed 2 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.40599."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"664","article-title":"Fiction genres in bookstores and libraries: a comparison of commercial and professional classifications","volume":"58","author":"Hider P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hider P, Spiller B. Fiction genres in bookstores and libraries: a comparison of commercial and professional classifications. Cat Classif Q 2020; 58(8): 664\u2013682.","journal-title":"Cat Classif Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the fifteenth international ISKO conference","author":"Lee D","unstructured":"Lee D, Robinson L, Bawden D. Operatic knowledge organisation: an exploration of the domain and bibliographic interface in the classification of opera subgenres. In: Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the fifteenth international ISKO conference (eds Ribeiro F, Cerveira MA), Porto, 9\u201311 July 2018, pp. 226\u2013235. W\u00fcrzburg: Ergon Verlag."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Rafferty P. Genre as knowledge organization. Knowl Organ 2022; 49(2): 121\u2013138 [Also available in ISKO Encyclopedia of Knowledge Organization (eds Hj\u00f8rland B Gnoli C) https:\/\/www.isko.org\/cyclo\/genre]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"Kinds of literature","author":"Fowler A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fowler A. Kinds of literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"Genre","author":"Frow J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frow J. Genre. Abingdon: Routledge, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-1598.2001.tb00013.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"Lee D. Modelling music: a theoretical approach to the classification of notated Western art music. PhD Thesis City University of London London 2017 http:\/\/openaccess.city.ac.uk\/17445\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliker C. Classification schemes for scores: analysis of structural levels. Notes 1994; 50(4): 1269\u20131320 http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/898291","DOI":"10.2307\/898291"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5771\/9783956509568-187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29173\/cais1064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.1440370108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","volume-title":"A flexible classification system of music and literature on music","author":"Pethes I.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Pethes I. A flexible classification system of music and literature on music. Budapest: Centre of Library Science and Technology, 1967."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","volume-title":"Bibliographic control of music, 1897-2000","author":"Smiraglia RP","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smiraglia RP, Young JB. Bibliographic control of music, 1897-2000. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"AllMusic https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/ (accessed 27 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"AllMusic. Welcome to AllMusic https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/about (accessed 27 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","unstructured":"Mayring P. Qualitative content analysis: theoretical foundation basic procedures and software solution. Klagenfurt 2014 https:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/handle\/document\/39517 (accessed 1 March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"Library of Congress. Cantatas (Library of Congress Genre\/Form Terms) https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/genreForms\/gf2014026688.html (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","unstructured":"AllMusic. Folk https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/genre\/folk-ma0000002592?1675358235765 (accessed 2 February 2023)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01655515231203511","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01655515231203511","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01655515231203511","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:10:16Z","timestamp":1777504216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01655515231203511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01655515231203511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01655515231203511","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5515","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}}}