{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:05:54Z","timestamp":1785236754365,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The article reports on an exploratory study that assesses the results produced by emerging artificial intelligence (AI)- and large language model-driven search tools in response to a series of queries and prompts based on four scenarios of information-intensive tasks of university students and researchers. Sixteen questions and prompts were created based on four scenarios of information-intensive tasks of university students. Each of these questions and prompts was presented to six AI-driven search tools, and the results were manually checked to assess their suitability for specific user needs and contexts. Based on the findings, it was argued that while the AI-driven tools bring a paradigm shift in information access for education and research, outputs generated by these tools vary quite significantly. Choice of the right tool, framing the question and further prompting play a key role. Also, users need to scrutinise each output to check their quality and reliability in the context of the specific search tasks. It was concluded that further research is needed involving different user groups, scenarios and search tasks and different AI-driven search tools. Implications of the use of AI-driven search tools for libraries and scholarly databases, as well as for research and scholarship in different areas of information science, are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515241284046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T05:10:19Z","timestamp":1730265019000},"page":"998-1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["AI- and LLM-driven search tools: A paradigm shift in information access for education and research"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2122-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gobinda","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudatta","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Butler J Jaffe S Baym N et al. Microsoft new future of work report2023 2023 https:\/\/aka.ms\/nfw2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Russell Group. Russell Group principles on the use of generative AI tools in education https:\/\/russellgroup.ac.uk\/media\/6137\/rg_ai_principles-final.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence: development, risks and regulation","author":"UK Parliament","year":"2023","unstructured":"UK Parliament. Artificial intelligence: development, risks and regulation. London: House of Lords Library, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Times Higher Education. Universities need to help improve AI-driven internet searches. Times Higher Education 7 May 2023 https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/blog\/universities-need-help-improve-ai-driven-internet-searches"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Modern information retrieval","author":"Hearst M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hearst M. User interface and visualization. In: Baeza-Yates R, Riberio-Neto B (eds) Modern information retrieval. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1999, pp. 257\u2013322."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb024320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199106)42:5<361::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576840.3578288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Najork M. Generative information retrieval. In SIGIR \u201823: proceedings of the 46th international ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in information retrieval Taipei 23\u201327 July 2023 https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3539618.3591871?casa_token=E_CWZv4nY5sAAAAA:QzpEdZPHgfJG-G0J4-h5jBuM7iEqkYV8gTdhgJ5Ecs2bazVfhzcMeHH9m9ieYmUGr-yHuLEZF8HqDdY"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139525305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White RW. Advancing the search frontier with AI agents. Communications of the ACM 2024 http:\/\/ryenwhite.com\/papers\/WhiteCACM2024.pdf","DOI":"10.1145\/3655615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Approaches to \u2018task\u2019 in contemporary information studies","volume":"12","author":"Bystr\u00f6m K.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bystr\u00f6m K. Approaches to \u2018task\u2019 in contemporary information studies. Proc Int Conf Concept Libr Inf Sci 2007; 12: 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Concept Libr Inf Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"865","article-title":"Information and library professionals\u2019 roles and responsibilities in an AI-augmented world","volume":"75","author":"Marchionini G.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marchionini G. Information and library professionals\u2019 roles and responsibilities in an AI-augmented world. JASIST 2024; 75: 865\u2013868.","journal-title":"JASIST"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24845"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01655515241284046","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01655515241284046","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01655515241284046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:47:37Z","timestamp":1785235657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01655515241284046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01655515241284046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01655515241284046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5515","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]}}}