{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T06:05:55Z","timestamp":1740809155272,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]],"date-time":"1989-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":612662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This research concerns the effect of the R&amp;D system on information use. Interviews with 42 research and development workers showed that workers were involved in one of five types of activity: research to collect facts or opinions, research to develop a hypothesis, problem solving, feasibility study or product development. It was possible to define stages involved in these activities in terms of a task analysis obtained dunng the interview. A critical incident study of information use revealed the sorts of information needed to achieve the various tasks. <\/jats:p><jats:p> These different types of R&amp;D activity and their task analyses, and the information inputs which were required are listed. The relative importance of external and mternal infor mation, and of informal and formal channels is revealed in the study, in a way different from that normally employed in use studies. Information was used throughout the projects, not just mainly at the beginning and end of a project. A great deal of this information was not from external, formal sources at all. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/016555158901500302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,18]],"date-time":"2007-03-18T06:07:59Z","timestamp":1174198079000},"page":"135-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Information inputs to research and development work"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Whitehall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}]},{"given":"C.M.","family":"Breadmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Butters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"106","volume":"13","author":"S. Femman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"D.W. King and V. Palmour, How needs are generated, and what we have found out about them. In: The Nationwide Provision and Use of Information (Library Association, London, 1981) 68-79."},{"volume-title":"A survey of studies on use and production of scitech information","year":"1974","author":"L. Hogland","key":"atypb3"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-011974-8.50010-9"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"M. Slater and P. Fisher, Use Made of Technical Libraries (Aslib, 1969) 14-19."},{"volume-title":"Information Requirements of Mechanical Engineers","year":"1967","author":"D.N. Wood","key":"atypb6"},{"volume-title":"Information needs of engineers in Singapore \u2014an exploratory paper. MLS Dissertation","year":"1973","author":"S. Salvarani","key":"atypb7"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0271(74)90014-X"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/620423"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024055"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"S. Pugh, Engineering design in practice. In: R.A. Wall (Editor), Finding and Using Product Information (Gower, 1986) 163-181."},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb12","first-page":"113","volume":"8","author":"T. Whitehall","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cienca da Informacao"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb050720"},{"volume-title":"Task analysis and information inputs in the human sciences","year":"1982","author":"C.M. Breadmore","key":"atypb14"},{"volume-title":"Task analysis and information inputs in engineenng","year":"1983","author":"A.J. Butters","key":"atypb15"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"A. Disch, Survey on use of information sources in technology and applied science. In: W.E. Batten, (Editor), EURIM II: The Application of Research in Information Services and Libraries (Aslib, London, 1977) 165-173."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0271(72)90017-4"},{"volume-title":"Managing the Flow of Technology","year":"1977","author":"T.J. Allen","key":"atypb18"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/c160004a009"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555158901500302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555158901500302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T01:02:05Z","timestamp":1740790925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/016555158901500302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/016555158901500302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/016555158901500302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0165-5515"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-6485"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,6]]}}}