{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:23:59Z","timestamp":1777854239131,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,8,1]],"date-time":"1990-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":649468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The last decades have seen an increasing utilization of graphical representations of aspects of science. These \"maps\" are mainly used to depict the underlying relational structures of publications, or publishing entities, within the science and technology system. To this end, the maps generally draw on only one source of bibliometric (i.e., literature-based quantita tive) data\u2014mostly citations or keywords. These information items will necessarily descnbe only one facet of the (intellect ual and\/or social) structure of science. We argue that in order to obtain a more complete description of the common underly ing structure one requires the incorporation of more sources of (bibliometric) data. We discuss the statistical model INDSCAL that combines multiple sources (e.g., citations, keywords, sub ject classificanon codes). This model yields an integrated multi-dimensional representation of the relational structure of a set of scientific entities common to all sources. The utility of INDSCAL is illustrated in an application to core journals in the field of astronomy and astrophysics. Some marked dif ferences occur in the journal structure when based on more data sources than citations alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159001600402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,18]],"date-time":"2007-03-18T02:07:59Z","timestamp":1174183679000},"page":"217-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Integrating multiple sources of information in literature-based maps of science"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"R.J.W.","family":"Tijssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Science and Technology Studies (Department of Data Theory), University of Leiden, Postbus 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.F.J.","family":"van Raan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Science and Technology Studies (Department of Data Theory), University of Leiden, Postbus 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.J.","family":"Heiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Science and Technology Studies (Department of Data Theory), University of Leiden, Postbus 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Wachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Science and Technology Studies (Department of Data Theory), University of Leiden, Postbus 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412986359"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/053901883022002003"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310791"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"A Theory of Datu","author":"C.H. Coombs","year":"1964"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030631289019002005"},{"key":"atypb6","series-title":"Journal citation studies 43\u2014astrosciences journals: what they cite and what cites them Current Contents","first-page":"3","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb7","series-title":"Science Citation Index, Journal Citation Reports","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb8","series-title":"Science Citation Index, Journal Citation Reports \u2014 Journal Ranking Package"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"1091","volume":"63","author":"L.A. Goodman","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630290403"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289341"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017235"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630340304"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02021645"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Subject Classification and Influence Weights for 3,000 journals","author":"E. Noma","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3683.510"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017202"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Introduction to Multidimensional Scaling \u2014 Theory, Methods and Applications","author":"S.S. Schiffman","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630240406"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016555158501100402"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"SPSS' User's Guide","year":"1986","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02279354"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.J.W. Tijssen and J. de Leeuw, Multivariate data-analysis methods in bibliometric studies of science and technology. In: A.F.J. van Raan (Editor), Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988) 705-740.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-70537-2.50026-X"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"R.J.W. Tijssen , J. de Leeuw and A.F.J. van Raan. A method for mapping bibliometric relations based on field-classifications and citations of articles In: L.Egghe and R. Rousseau (Editors), Informetrics 87\/88 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988) 279-292."},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"285","volume":"15","author":"R.J.W. Tijssen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scientometries"},{"key":"atypb26","series-title":"Perspectives in Information Management","volume-title":"Numerical methods for information on aspects of science: scientometnc analysis and mapping","author":"A.F.J. van Raan","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555159001600402","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555159001600402","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:04:09Z","timestamp":1777503849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/016555159001600402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/016555159001600402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/016555159001600402","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5515","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}}}