{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:24:38Z","timestamp":1790893478426,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dysosmia and anosmia are reported to occur following human exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) gas. The clinical association between H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S exposure and olfactory dysfunction in humans necessitates evaluation of the nasal cavity and olfactory system in experimental animals used to study H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S toxicity. The purpose of this study was to subchronically expose 10-week-old male CD rats to relatively low concentrations of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S and to histologically evaluate the nasal cavity for exposure-related lesions. Rats (n = 12\/ group) were exposed via inhalation to 0, 10, 30, or 80 ppm H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S 6 h\/d and 7 d\/wk for 10 weeks. Following exposure to 30 and 80 ppm H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S, a significant increase in nasal lesions limited to the olfactory mucosa was observed. The lesions, which consisted of olfactory neuron loss and basal cell hyperplasia, were multifocal, bilaterally symmetrical, and had a characteristic rostrocaudal distribution pattern. Regions of the nasal cavity affected included the dorsal medial meatus and the dorsal and medial portions of the ethmoid recess. The no observed adverse effect level for olfactory lesions in this study was 10 ppm. For perspective, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists threshold limit value (TLV) recommendation for H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S is currently 10 ppm (proposed revision: 5 ppm), so the concentrations employed in the present study were 3 and 8 times the TLV. These findings suggest that subchronic inhalation exposure to a relatively low level of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S (30 ppm) can result in olfactory toxicity in rats. However, because of differences in the breathing style and nasal anatomy of rats and humans, additional research is required to determine the significance of these results for human health risk assessment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019262330002800213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]],"date-time":"2008-02-08T19:38:42Z","timestamp":1202499522000},"page":"326-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Olfactory Neuron Loss in Adult Male CD Rats Following Subchronic Inhalation Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Karrie A.","family":"Brenneman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Arden James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Dorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408448409029321"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Boorman GA, Morgan KT, Uriah LC (1990). Nose, larynx, and trachea. In: Pathology of the Fischer Rat, Boorman GA, Eustis SL, Elwell MR, Montgomery CA Jr, MacKenzie WF (eds). Academic Press, San Diego, California, p 321."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(99)00055-0"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00514-6"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1997.8206"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"36","volume":"1","author":"Landahl HD","year":"1950","journal-title":"Arch Ind Hyg"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Lang J. (1989). Mucosa of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses . In: Clinical Anatomy of the Nose, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, Lang J (ed). Thieme Medical, New York, p 119."},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"1107","volume":"49","author":"Lopez A.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339402200402"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623391019004-103"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3430684"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"National Research Council (1996). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Academic Press, Washington, DC, p 125."},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1995.1222"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Proctor DF, Chang Jcf (1983). Comparative anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavity. In: Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, Vol I, Anatomy, Physiology, and Epidemiology, Reznik G, Stinson SF (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 1-33."},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Schreider JP (1983). Nasal airway anatomy and inhalation deposition in experimental animals and people. In: Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, Vol III, Experimental Nasal Carcinogenesis, Reznik G, Stinson SF (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 1-25."},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.7975"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700200109"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Health assessment document for hydrogen sulfide","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Toxicologic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019262330002800213","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019262330002800213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:29:01Z","timestamp":1777652941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019262330002800213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019262330002800213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019262330002800213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-6233","1533-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}}}