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In the past, routine evaluation of the nervous system was mostly limited to three sections of brain, and occasionally the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Factors such as the increasing occurrence of human neurological diseases and associated economical cost burden, the role of unidentified environmental stressors in neurodegenerative disorders, multiple therapeutic drug-induced neuropathies noted in human clinical trials, and the exponential use of environmental chemicals with unknown neurotoxic potential necessitate a more extensive evaluation of the nervous system. The NTP has modified its protocol to include examination of key anatomic subsites related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson\u2019s disease. Modifications include four additional sections of the brain. Increasing the number of brain sections permits examination of a greater number of specific anatomic subsites with unique vulnerability. In addition, the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, trigeminal ganglion, and intestinal autonomic ganglia will be evaluated as needed. It is expected that this modified approach will increase the sensitivity of detecting neurotoxicants and neurocarcinogens important in human neurologic and neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623311401044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,23]],"date-time":"2011-03-23T22:55:33Z","timestamp":1300920933000},"page":"463-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Histopathological Evaluation of the Nervous System in National Toxicology Program Rodent Studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Deepa B.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter B.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Malarkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald A.","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Sills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0192623311401044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3000"},{"key":"bibr2-0192623311401044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901900111"},{"key":"bibr3-0192623311401044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2008.01.008"},{"key":"bibr4-0192623311401044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10027"},{"key":"bibr5-0192623311401044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440590905920"},{"key":"bibr6-0192623311401044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.02.033"},{"key":"bibr7-0192623311401044","author":"Bolon B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicologic Pathology"},{"key":"bibr8-0192623311401044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11702"},{"key":"bibr9-0192623311401044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(00)00141-6"},{"key":"bibr10-0192623311401044","unstructured":"Cavagnaro A. 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