{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:57:11Z","timestamp":1777913831036,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,21]],"date-time":"2011-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Here, we report the effects of estrogen and the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) levormeloxifene on adrenocortical measures in ovariectomized female cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis). Animals were randomized into one of five treatment groups, each containing 23 to 26 animals: (1) placebo, (2) 0.016 mg\/kg 17\u03b2-estradiol (E\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), (3) 0.5 mg\/kg levormeloxifene (L\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), (4) 1.0 mg\/kg levormeloxifene (L\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and (5) 5.0 mg\/kg levormeloxifene (L\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Treatments were administered orally each day for 18 mo. All doses of levormeloxifene resulted in adrenal weights at least 50% greater than placebo ( p &lt; .0001 for all). The target dose of levormeloxifene (L\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) resulted in higher serum concentrations of cortisol (+63%), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (+73%), and androstenedione (+37%) compared with the placebo group ( p &lt; .05 for all). In contrast, E\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    resulted in no significant differences in adrenal weight or adrenocortical steroids. Oral E\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and all SERM doses resulted in similar reductions in serum gonadotropins and at least threefold greater uterine weight versus placebo ( p &lt; .0001 for all). Results indicate that the SERM levormeloxifene, in contrast to E\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , may have robust stimulatory effects on adrenocortical hormones in a postmenopausal model. These findings warrant further investigation into long-term SERM effects on adrenocortical function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623311425509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,21]],"date-time":"2011-10-21T23:36:42Z","timestamp":1319240202000},"page":"55-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stimulatory Adrenocortical Effects of a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator in Ovariectomized Female Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology (Section on Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronda C.","family":"Stavisky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology (Section on Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jette","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S, M\u00e5l\u00f8v, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay R.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology (Section on Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220292"},{"key":"bibr2-0192623311425509","first-page":"755","volume":"86","author":"Alexandersen P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr3-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07427.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1579"},{"key":"bibr5-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(97)00191-3"},{"key":"bibr6-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2004.08.002"},{"key":"bibr7-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005984932268"},{"key":"bibr8-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808692"},{"key":"bibr9-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-07-0081"},{"key":"bibr10-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji372"},{"key":"bibr11-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/gye.17.2.159.168"},{"key":"bibr12-0192623311425509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123938"},{"key":"bibr13-0192623311425509","first-page":"4476","volume":"85","author":"Gower B. 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