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Mammary gland cancer is a leading cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide and is a subject of major research efforts utilizing rodent models. Zymbal\u2019s, preputial, and clitoral glands are standard tissues that are evaluated in animal models that enable human risk assessment of xenobiotics. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for mammary, Zymbal\u2019s, preputial, and clitoral gland lesions in laboratory animals will improve diagnostic alignment among regulatory and scientific research organizations and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623312454242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,4]],"date-time":"2012-09-04T19:48:29Z","timestamp":1346788109000},"page":"7S-39S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Proliferative and Nonproliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Mammary, Zymbal\u2019s, Preputial, and Clitoral Glands"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rudmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Co.,Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Cardiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis\u2014School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Chouinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories\u2014Preclinical Services-CTBR, Senneville, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Potomac, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"K\u00fcttler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Marxfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Molinolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Treumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"For the INHAND Mammary, Zymbal's, Preputial, and Clitoral Gland Organ Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0192623312454242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901250106"},{"key":"bibr2-0192623312454242","first-page":"7","volume":"1","author":"Apolant H.","year":"1906","journal-title":"Arbeiten a d Koniglchn Inst F Expt Ther zu Frankfurt a M"},{"key":"bibr3-0192623312454242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000610303"},{"key":"bibr4-0192623312454242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115802109"},{"key":"bibr5-0192623312454242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-004-7260-y"},{"key":"bibr6-0192623312454242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587801500309"},{"key":"bibr7-0192623312454242","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Pathology of the Fischer Rat","author":"Boorman G. 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