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There was no correlation between TBW and thymus weight (absolute and\/or relative to TBW or brain weight). Thymus weight parameters and grades of decreased lymphocytes in the thymus were highly variable in immature animals compared to mature animals. There was also high (up to 11-fold) variability of thymus weight parameters within a given control group on the same study (generally 3 or 4 animals per sex). Several parameters evaluated had more pronounced age-related changes in males when compared to females. Our results demonstrate the inherent variability of thymus weight parameters and morphologic observations for cynomolgus monkeys on toxicology studies. Changes in thymus parameters in cynomolgus monkeys are unreliable indicators of immunomodulation or immunotoxicity in the absence of other relevant findings. Therefore, the thymus parameters commonly evaluated in preclinical safety assessments should not be the primary data set used to determine the presence of a direct test article\u2013related effect on the immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623316649258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T21:09:58Z","timestamp":1464210598000},"page":"874-891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Maturity-related Variability of the Thymus in Cynomolgus Monkeys (\n                    <i>Macaca fascicularis<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology Laboratories, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Everds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. 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