{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:37:01Z","timestamp":1792525021661,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), captan, and folpet induce duodenal tumors in mice. Using standardized tissue collection procedures and diagnostic criteria, we compared the duodenal histopathology in B6C3F1 mice following exposure to these 3 carcinogens to determine whether they share similar histopathological characteristics. B6C3F1 mice ( n = 20 per group) were exposed to 180 ppm Cr(VI) in drinking water, 12,000 ppm captan in feed, or 16,000 ppm folpet in feed for 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, villous enterocyte hypertrophy and mild crypt epithelial hyperplasia were observed in all exposed mice. In a subset of mice allowed to recover for 28 days, duodenal samples were generally indistinguishable from those of unexposed mice. Changes in the villi and lack of observable damage to the crypt compartment suggest that toxicity was mediated in the villi, which is consistent with earlier studies on each chemical. These findings indicate that structurally diverse agents can induce similar (and reversible) phenotypic changes in the duodenum. These intestinal carcinogens likely converge on common pathways involving irritation and wounding of the villi leading to crypt regenerative hyperplasia that, under protracted high-dose exposure scenarios, increases the risk of spontaneous mutation and tumorigenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623317742324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T23:48:39Z","timestamp":1511308119000},"page":"1091-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparison of Toxicity and Recovery in the Duodenum of B6C3F1 Mice Following Treatment with Intestinal Carcinogens Captan, Folpet, and Hexavalent Chromium"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Chad M.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alene","family":"McCoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River, Spencerville, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah M.","family":"Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Kirman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Summit Toxicology, LLP, Bozeman, Montana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie C.","family":"Haws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2010.481663"},{"key":"bibr2-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.04.004"},{"key":"bibr3-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860090309"},{"key":"bibr4-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408441003742903"},{"key":"bibr34-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623315611501"},{"key":"bibr5-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.11.005"},{"key":"bibr6-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2006.06.011"},{"key":"bibr7-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00098-3"},{"key":"bibr8-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2012.04.001"},{"key":"bibr9-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-3189-3"},{"key":"bibr10-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1265"},{"key":"bibr11-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2011.593054"},{"key":"bibr12-0192623317742324","volume-title":"Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies","author":"Greaves P.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr13-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.10.011"},{"key":"bibr14-0192623317742324","unstructured":"Health Canada. (2015). Chromium in drinking water: Document for public consultation. Available from https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/canada\/health-canada\/migration\/healthy-canadians\/health-system-systeme-sante\/consultations\/chromium-chrome\/alt\/chromium-chrome-eng.pdf"},{"key":"bibr15-0192623317742324","unstructured":"IPCS (International Programme for Chemical Safety). (1995). Captan, in: Pesticide residues in food: 1995 Evaluations Part II Toxico-logical and Environmental, International Programme for Chemical Safety, Geneva, 1995."},{"key":"bibr16-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712445763"},{"key":"bibr17-0192623317742324","volume":"15","author":"National Cancer Institute","year":"1977","journal-title":"National Cancer Institute CARCINOGENESIS Technical Report Series"},{"key":"bibr18-0192623317742324","unstructured":"NTP (National Toxicology Program). National Toxicology Program technical report on the toxicity studies of sodium dichromate dihydrate (CAS No. 7789-12-0) administered in drinking water to male and female F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice and male BALB\/c and am3-C57BL\/6 mice. NTP Toxicity Report Series Number 72, NIH Publication No. 07-5964. Research Triangle Park (NC): US Department of Health and Human Services, 2007."},{"key":"bibr19-0192623317742324","unstructured":"NTP (National Toxicology Program). National Toxicology Program technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of sodium dichromate dihydrate (CAS No. 7789-12-0) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies), NTP TR 546. NIH Publication No. 08-5887. Research Triangle Park (NC): US Department of Health and Human Services, 2008."},{"key":"bibr20-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2013.03.008"},{"key":"bibr21-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800208"},{"key":"bibr22-0192623317742324","unstructured":"Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). (2016). Hexavalent chromium oral reference dose: Development support document (final). https:\/\/www.tceq.texas.gov\/assets\/public\/implementation\/tox\/dsd\/final\/chromium_ord.pdf"},{"key":"bibr23-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2907"},{"key":"bibr24-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr164"},{"key":"bibr25-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr280"},{"key":"bibr26-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2013.768596"},{"key":"bibr27-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu206"},{"key":"bibr28-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2017.08.004"},{"key":"bibr29-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2015.05.004"},{"key":"bibr30-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.07.002"},{"key":"bibr31-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21952"},{"key":"bibr32-0192623317742324","first-page":"68357","volume":"69","author":"U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency)","year":"2004","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"bibr33-0192623317742324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.117168"}],"container-title":["Toxicologic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0192623317742324","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0192623317742324","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0192623317742324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:39:05Z","timestamp":1777653545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0192623317742324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0192623317742324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623317742324","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-6233","1533-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]}}}