{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:05:04Z","timestamp":1792037104040,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent \u201cbest practice\u201d recommendations for peripheral nervous system sampling and processing provide guidance regarding nerve preparation for animal toxicity studies. This study explored the impact of delayed fixation, type of fixative, processing cycle times, starting ethanol concentration, and water bath temperature to improve nerve preservation in routinely prepared (paraffin-embedded, hematoxylin and eosin [H&amp;E]-stained) sections. Sciatic nerves from adult Wistar rats (diameter, 1.04 \u00b1 0.1 mm) and young domestic pigs (diameter 5.9 \u00b1 1.2 mm) fixed at necropsy (\u201c0\u201d hours) or 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours after death were immersed in neutral-buffered 10% formalin containing 1.2% methanol (NBF) or methanol-free 4% formaldehyde (MFF) at room temperature. After fixation for 24 hours (rat) or 48 hours (pig), specimens were processed into paraffin, and \u223c5-\u03bcm-thick sections were flattened on water baths set at 35\u00b0C, 40\u00b0C, or 45\u00b0C before H&amp;E staining. Large-diameter nerves (pig) required longer processing cycles to ensure sufficient paraffin infiltration. For both small-diameter (rat) and large-diameter nerves, structural integrity was optimal if fixation by NBF or MFF occurred within 3 hours and the initial ethanol concentration for tissue processing was lowered to 50%. At all time points, structural preservation of nerve fibers was acceptable using NBF but was better with MFF. Use of a water bath at 35\u00b0C reduced processing-related nerve fiber separation within sections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319850774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T00:56:20Z","timestamp":1558572980000},"page":"19-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Methods Optimization for Routine Sciatic Nerve Processing in General Toxicity Studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1007-9360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica S.","family":"Fortin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Dr. Fortin is now with Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Chlipala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premier Laboratory, LLC, Boulder, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad","family":"Bolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEMpath, Inc, Longmont, CO, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623310385145"},{"key":"bibr2-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623312474865"},{"key":"bibr3-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623318772484"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr4-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319861364","volume":"48","author":"Bolon B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr5-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319862540","volume":"48","author":"Butt MT","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"bibr6-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870501700509"},{"key":"bibr7-0192623319850774","volume-title":"Bancroft\u2019s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","author":"Suvarna KS","year":"2019","edition":"8"},{"key":"bibr8-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623318800707"},{"key":"bibr9-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07311-8"},{"key":"bibr10-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/bih.76.1.43.52"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr11-0192623319850774","first-page":"17","volume":"6","author":"Meyer W","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"bibr12-0192623319850774","volume-title":"Manual of Surgical Pathology","author":"Lester SC","year":"2010","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr13-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(85)90154-5"},{"key":"bibr14-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0467-9"},{"key":"bibr15-0192623319850774","volume-title":"Animal Tissue Techniques","author":"Humason GL","year":"1979","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr16-0192623319850774","volume-title":"Histotechnology: Self Instructional Text Only","author":"Carson FL","year":"2009","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr17-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.9984"},{"key":"bibr18-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.6529"},{"key":"bibr19-0192623319850774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00313028909061071"},{"key":"bibr20-0192623319850774","first-page":"953","volume-title":"Microscopy: Science, technology, applications and education. 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