{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:05:12Z","timestamp":1787018712794,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability to differentiate among normal structures, procedural and processing artifacts, spontaneous background changes, and test article\u2013related effects in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is essential for interpreting microscopic features of ganglia and nerves evaluated in animal species commonly used in toxicity studies evaluating regulated products and chemicals. This atlas provides images of findings that may be encountered in ganglia and nerves of animal species commonly used in product discovery and development. Most atlas images are of tissues from control animals that were processed using routine methods (ie, immersion fixation in neutral-buffered 10% formalin, embedding in paraffin, sectioning at 5 \u00b5m, and staining with hematoxylin and eosin) since these preparations are traditionally applied to study materials produced during most animal toxicity studies. A few images are of tissues processed using special procedures (ie, immersion or perfusion fixation using methanol-free 4% formaldehyde, postfixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium, embedding in hard plastic resin, sectioning at 1 \u00b5m, and staining with toluidine blue), since these preparations promote better stabilization of lipids and thus optimal resolution of myelin sheaths. Together, this compilation provides a useful resource for discriminating among normal structures, procedure- and processing-related artifacts, incidental background changes, and treatment-induced findings that may be seen in PNS tissues of laboratory animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319867322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:27:40Z","timestamp":1566260860000},"page":"105-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Atlas of Normal Microanatomy, Procedural and Processing Artifacts, Common Background Findings, and Neurotoxic Lesions in the Peripheral Nervous System of Laboratory Animals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3517-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid D.","family":"Pardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc, Global Pathology, Groton, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnaPath GmbH, Oberbuchsiten, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tox Path Specialists, LLC (A StageBio Company), Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg J.","family":"Krinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posthumous"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8613-199X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark T.","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tox Path Specialists, LLC (A StageBio Company), Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Covance Laboratory, Inc, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad","family":"Bolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEMpath, Inc, Longmont, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262330002800108"},{"key":"bibr2-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2004.12.003"},{"key":"bibr3-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.04.001"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr4-0192623319867322","first-page":"887","volume":"81","author":"Azhary H","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr5-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos203"},{"key":"bibr6-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.06.043"},{"key":"bibr7-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.12.038"},{"key":"bibr8-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623318772484"},{"key":"bibr9-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-6706-5.00005-6"},{"key":"bibr10-0192623319867322","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Enteric Nervous System","author":"Furness JB.","year":"2006","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr11-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90290-C"},{"key":"bibr12-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S26603"},{"key":"bibr13-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.01.016"},{"key":"bibr14-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319854338"},{"key":"bibr15-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah5454"},{"key":"bibr16-0192623319867322","volume-title":"Sisson and Grossman\u2019s The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals","author":"Getty R","year":"1975","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr17-0192623319867322","volume-title":"Miller\u2019s Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Evans HE","year":"1993","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr18-0192623319867322","unstructured":"Clarkson C, Brown A, Ekenstedt K, Fletcher TF. Carnivore Dissection, Lab12: Thoracic cavity: Autonomic nerves and heart; 2015. http:\/\/vanat.cvm.umn.edu\/carnLabs\/Lab12\/Lab12.html. Accessed July 25, 2019."},{"key":"bibr19-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.09.001"},{"key":"bibr20-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.04.009"},{"key":"bibr21-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00319327"},{"key":"bibr22-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02802-0"},{"key":"bibr23-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010161"},{"key":"bibr24-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802900-8.00020-8"},{"key":"bibr25-0192623319867322","volume-title":"Wheater\u2019s Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas","author":"Young B","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr26-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-9491-7.50009-0"},{"key":"bibr27-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901310406"},{"key":"bibr28-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12257929"},{"key":"bibr29-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470939956.ch23"},{"key":"bibr30-0192623319867322","volume-title":"Barr\u2019s The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint","author":"Kiernan JA","year":"2014","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr31-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391448-4.00019-8"},{"key":"bibr32-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690549"},{"key":"bibr33-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687265"},{"key":"bibr34-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623310387618"},{"key":"bibr35-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319862540"},{"key":"bibr36-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319850774"},{"key":"bibr37-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12087"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr38-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319854328","volume":"48","author":"Bangari DS","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"bibr39-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-015-0350-4"},{"key":"bibr40-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687191"},{"key":"bibr41-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1973.00490300053006"},{"key":"bibr42-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470939956.ch13"},{"key":"bibr43-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2006.03.002"},{"key":"bibr44-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688399"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr45-0192623319867322","first-page":"28","volume":"31","author":"Krinke GJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cesk Patol"},{"key":"bibr46-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00165"},{"key":"bibr47-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490490054004"},{"key":"bibr48-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691853"},{"key":"bibr49-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.59.79"},{"key":"bibr50-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(00)80070-6"},{"key":"bibr51-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690312"},{"key":"bibr52-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1983.tb00322.x"},{"key":"bibr53-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196007000-00009"},{"key":"bibr54-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623310369343"},{"key":"bibr55-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623311422920"},{"key":"bibr56-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2014.04.005"},{"key":"bibr57-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623310378869"},{"key":"bibr58-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b13783-23"},{"key":"bibr59-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319857053"},{"key":"bibr60-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2017.1196"},{"key":"bibr61-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588101800111"},{"key":"bibr62-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339001800121"},{"key":"bibr63-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623316660768"},{"key":"bibr64-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000370324"},{"key":"bibr65-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00157"},{"key":"bibr66-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319850824"},{"key":"bibr67-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623310392249"},{"key":"bibr68-0192623319867322","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Pathobiology of the Aging Rat","volume":"2","author":"Krinke GJ","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr69-0192623319867322","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Pathobiology of the Aging Mouse","volume":"2","author":"Krinke G","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr70-0192623319867322","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Pathobiology of the Aging Dog","volume":"2","author":"Krinke GJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr71-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623312439125"},{"key":"bibr72-0192623319867322","volume-title":"Color Atlas of Nerve Biopsy Pathology","author":"Oh SJ","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr73-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-9491-7.50043-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr74-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.115.021170","volume":"6","author":"Koelsch B","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Genomes Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr75-0192623319867322","first-page":"717","volume":"10","author":"Jortner BS","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"bibr76-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.21969"},{"key":"bibr77-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374947-5.00008-0"},{"key":"bibr78-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12090"},{"key":"bibr79-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623312474865"},{"key":"bibr80-0192623319867322","volume-title":"Atlas of Peripheral Nerve Pathology","author":"King R","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr81-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-9491-7.50035-1"},{"key":"bibr82-0192623319867322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07311-8"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/0192623320965619","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000}}],"container-title":["Toxicologic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0192623319867322","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0192623319867322","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0192623319867322","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:40:33Z","timestamp":1777653633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0192623319867322"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0192623319867322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623319867322","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-6233","1533-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]}}}