{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:01:36Z","timestamp":1777914096310,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) now uses an extended longitudinal sectioning protocol for the uterus to better evaluate female rodent reproductive tract toxicity for all developmental and reproductive toxicology and 2-year toxicity and carcinogenicity bioassays. The previous protocol for toxicity\/carcinogenicity studies involved 1 cross section midway through each uterine horn and collection of uterine cervix and vagina only if gross lesions were present. Here we compare the histological findings of the original cross sections with the additional longitudinal sections of residual uterine tissues of 7 chronic NTP rat bioassays. The goal of this study was to determine whether there might be any advantages to examining additional uterine tissue. The longitudinal protocol allowed for 10 to 20 times more uterine tissue for evaluation. Results indicate that the potential advantages of a more complete evaluation of female reproductive tract tissue include increased detection of reproductive targets, increased detection of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions, improved detection of tissue origin of neoplasms, less reliance on gross identification of lesions, improved accuracy in the application of severity grades, and increased detection of preneoplastic or subtle lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623320948840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T06:58:03Z","timestamp":1597906683000},"page":"747-755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Assessment of Longitudinal Sections of Rat Female Reproductive Tissues for NTP 2-Year Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan A.","family":"Elmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Blystone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Lubeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn F.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories Inc, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0192623320948840","unstructured":"Specifications for the conduct of studies to evaluate the toxic and carcinogenic potential of chemical, biological and physical agents in laboratory animals for the National Toxicology Program (NTP). 2011. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/test_info\/finalntp_toxcarspecsjan2011.pdf"},{"key":"bibr2-0192623320948840","unstructured":"NTP Specifications for the conduct of studies to evaluate the reproductive and developmental toxicity of chemical, biological and physical agents in laboratory animals for the National Toxicology Program. 2011. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/test_info\/finalntp_reprospecsmay2011_508.pdf"},{"key":"bibr3-0192623320948840","unstructured":"NTP technical report on the toxicology studies of Pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture [DE-71 (technical grade)] (CAS No. 32534-81-9) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1\/N mice and toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture [DE-71 (technical grade)] in Wistar Han [Crl: WI(Han)] rats and B6C3F1\/N mice (gavage studies). 2016. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/htdocs\/lt_rpts\/tr589_508.pdf"},{"key":"bibr4-0192623320948840","unstructured":"NTP technical report on the toxicology studies of green tea extract in F344\/NTac rats and B6C3F1\/N mice and toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of green tea extract in Wistar Han [Crl: WI (Han)] rats\u00a0and B6C3F1\/N mice\u00a0(gavage studies). 2016. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/htdocs\/lt_rpts\/tr585_508.pdf?utm_source=direct&utm_medium=prod&utm_campaign=ntpgolinks&utm_term=tr585"},{"key":"bibr5-0192623320948840","unstructured":"NTP technical report on the toxicology studies of Tetrabomobisphenol A (CAS NO. 79-94-7) in F344\/NTac rats and B6C3F1\/N mice and toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Tetrabomobisphenol A in Wistar Han [Crl: WI(Han)] rats and B6C3F1\/N mice (gavage studies). 2014. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/htdocs\/lt_rpts\/tr587_508.pdf?utm_source=direct&utm_medium=prod&utm_campaign=ntpgolinks&utm_term=tr587"},{"key":"bibr6-0192623320948840","unstructured":"NTP technical report on the toxicology studies of CIMSTAR 3800 in F344\/NTac rats and B6C3F1\/N mice and toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of CIMSTAR 3800 in Wistar Han [Crl: WI (Han)] rats and B6C3F1\/N mice (inhalation studies). 2015. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/htdocs\/lt_rpts\/tr586_508.pdf?utm_source=direct&utm_medium=prod&utm_campaign=ntpgolinks&utm_term=tr586"},{"key":"bibr7-0192623320948840","unstructured":"NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2,3-butanedione (CAS No. 431-03-8) in Wistar Han [Crl: WI (Han)] rats and B6C3F1\/N mice (inhalation studies). 2018. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/htdocs\/lt_rpts\/tr593_508.pdf"},{"key":"bibr8-0192623320948840","unstructured":"NTP technical report on the toxicology studies of Indole-3-carbinol (CAS No. 700-06 -1) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1\/N mice and toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Indole-3-carbinol in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1\/N mice (gavage studies). 2017. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/htdocs\/lt_rpts\/tr584_508.pdf"},{"key":"bibr9-0192623320948840","unstructured":"NTP technical report on the toxidology and carcingogenesis studies of perfluorooctanoic acid (CASRN 335-67 -1) administered in feed to Sprague Dawley (HSD: Sprague Dawley SD) rats. 2020. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/htdocs\/lt_rpts\/tr598_508.pdf"},{"key":"bibr10-0192623320948840","unstructured":"Explanation of levels of evidence of carcinogenic activity. 2019. Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/test_info\/cartox_loe_508.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr11-0192623320948840","first-page":"1S","volume":"27","author":"Dixon D","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"bibr12-0192623320948840","unstructured":"NTP Historical Controls. 2020 (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD Rats) and 2016 (Wistar Han Rats: Crl:WI [Han]) Accessed May 12, 2020. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/data\/controls\/index.html"}],"container-title":["Toxicologic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0192623320948840","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0192623320948840","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0192623320948840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:41:13Z","timestamp":1777653673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0192623320948840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0192623320948840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623320948840","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-6233","1533-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}}}