{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:02:23Z","timestamp":1777914143235,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For toxicology testing of (agro)chemicals, different study types are being performed with general and\/or reproductive toxicity endpoints (see Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines). In most of these rat studies, vaginal cytology is performed on serial samples (collected by lavage) for evaluation of cycle regularity and evidence of mating, and\/or on a single sample collected on the day of necropsy for information on the estrous cycle stage and allowing correlation with histopathology. In the latter case, the utility of vaginal cytology can be argued. In this article, estrous cycle stages based on vaginal cytology of samples taken on the day of necropsy and histopathology of ovaries, uterus, and vagina (gold standard for estrous cycle stage assessment) were compared. The agreement was generally low. Disagreement between the two methods could be explained by time differences between lavage and necropsy, by manipulation of vaginal epithelium during lavage which may impact epithelial morphology on histology, and by misinterpretation of vaginal cytology during or shortly after lactation. Based on the results of estrous staging within different study types, we strongly discourage vaginal cytology from samples collected on the day of necropsy since there is no added value, vaginal manipulation can be stressful and may complicate the histologic diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233221103273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T03:19:45Z","timestamp":1655867985000},"page":"466-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Critical Assessment of the Requirement for a Single Time Point Vaginal Cytology on the Day of Necropsy in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3923-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eveline","family":"de Rijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, \u2018s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Beekhuijzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, \u2018s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankie","family":"Lambregts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, \u2018s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Czajkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, \u2018s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hetty","family":"van den Brink-Knol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, \u2018s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264070707-en"},{"key":"bibr2-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr3-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr4-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264185371-en"},{"key":"bibr5-01926233221103273","unstructured":"Government. The Dutch experiments on animals act 2014. https:\/\/wetten.overheid.nl\/BWBR0035873\/2021-01-01."},{"key":"bibr6-01926233221103273","unstructured":"OECD Chemical Safety, Endocrine disruption: a guidance document for histologic evaluation of endocrine and reproductive tests. Part 5: Preparation, reading and reporting of vaginal smears. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/env\/ehs\/testing\/40581357.pdf."},{"key":"bibr7-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20106"},{"key":"bibr8-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308315665"},{"key":"bibr9-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.27.1S"},{"key":"bibr10-01926233221103273","unstructured":"OECD Chemical Safety, Endocrine disruption: a guidance document for histologic evaluation of endocrine and reproductive tests. Part 3: Female reproductive system. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/chemicalsafety\/testing\/40581066.pdf."},{"key":"bibr11-01926233221103273","first-page":"4389","volume":"67","author":"McLean AC","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"bibr12-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623315570339"},{"key":"bibr13-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091520409"},{"key":"bibr14-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-020-00074-3."},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr15-01926233221103273","first-page":"624","volume":"4","author":"Sengupta P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"bibr16-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111084."},{"key":"bibr17-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623314526321"},{"key":"bibr18-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035538."},{"key":"bibr19-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.2.327"},{"key":"bibr20-01926233221103273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308315665"},{"key":"bibr21-01926233221103273","first-page":"475","volume-title":"The Guide to Investigation of Mouse Pregnancy","volume":"2014","author":"Bertolin K"}],"container-title":["Toxicologic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01926233221103273","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01926233221103273","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01926233221103273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:42:46Z","timestamp":1777653766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01926233221103273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01926233221103273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01926233221103273","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-6233","1533-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}}}