{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:55:42Z","timestamp":1780606542541,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A retrospective study was performed to establish the causes of mortality and incidence patterns of tumors in young (&lt;50 weeks) control CD-1\u00ae mice from Charles River Laboratories. Tumor incidences (fatal and nonfatal) and nonneoplastic causes of death observed during the first 50 weeks of the study were collected from 48 thirteen-week toxicity studies conducted between 2009 and 2018 and from 43 carcinogenicity studies conducted between 2005 and 2018. Thirteen-week studies had a mortality rate of 8\/620 (1.3%) in males and 4\/620 (0.65%) in females. The major factors contributing to death were integument lesions in males (3\/8) and experimental procedure\u2013related injuries in females (3\/4). All tumors recorded were nonfatal. Bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma was the commonest tumor with the same incidence in both males and females (4\/620, 0.65%); a single lymphoma (0.16%) and uterine leiomyosarcoma (1\/620 0.16%) were reported in females. The mortality rates of males and females that died or were euthanized during the first 50 weeks in carcinogenicity studies were 192\/2830 (6.8%) and 198\/2830 (7%), respectively. The most common fatal tumor in this age group was lymphoma in both sexes, with an incidence of 18\/192 (9.3%) and 41\/198 (20.7%) in males and females, respectively. In males tumors were responsible for fewer deaths than in females (17% vs. 32.3%). The major nonneoplastic causes of death or moribundity were cutaneous lesions (44\/192, 22.9%), and obstructive uropathy (39\/192, 20.3%) in males, and chronic progressive nephropathy (40\/198, 20.2%) in females. Only minor differences were evident compared to a similar study performed 15 years ago; these might reflect changes in terminology and diagnostic criteria, and stricter animal welfare endpoints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233221105391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T04:08:36Z","timestamp":1657253316000},"page":"776-786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Causes of Mortality and Profile of Spontaneous Tumors in Young CD-1 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Ancuta","family":"Apreutese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Huntingdon, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-9118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Huntingdon, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Huntingdon, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radu","family":"Apreutese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Huntingdon, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Mukaratirwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. 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