{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:32:15Z","timestamp":1789450335371,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":258,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dorsal root ganglia (DRG), trigeminal ganglia (TG), other sensory ganglia, and autonomic ganglia may be injured by some test article classes, including anti-neoplastic chemotherapeutics, adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies, antisense oligonucleotides, nerve growth factor inhibitors, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. This article reviews ganglion anatomy, cytology, and pathology (emphasizing sensory ganglia) among common nonclinical species used in assessing product safety for such test articles (TAs). Principal histopathologic findings associated with sensory ganglion injury include neuron degeneration, necrosis, and\/or loss; increased satellite glial cell and\/or Schwann cell numbers; and leukocyte infiltration and\/or inflammation. Secondary nerve fiber degeneration and\/or glial reactions may occur in nerves, dorsal spinal nerve roots, spinal cord (dorsal and occasionally lateral funiculi), and sometimes the brainstem. Ganglion findings related to TA administration may result from TA exposure and\/or trauma related to direct TA delivery into the central nervous system or ganglia. In some cases, TA-related effects may need to be differentiated from a spectrum of artifactual and\/or spontaneous background changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233231213851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T04:31:25Z","timestamp":1701664285000},"page":"278-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Technical Review: Biology and Pathology of Ganglia in Animal Species Used for Nonclinical Safety Testing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1079-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bindu M.","family":"Bennet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Magenta Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid D.","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2286-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basel T.","family":"Assaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7044-3964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Buza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah D.","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"StageBio, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8553-9894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"LaTasha K.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery A.","family":"Engelhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0162-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Galbreath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2510-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branka","family":"Grubor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3975-1461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanasa S.","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp Drug Development, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad","family":"Bolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEMpath Inc., Longmont, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.07.051"},{"key":"bibr2-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200607000-00024"},{"key":"bibr3-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8053.1"},{"key":"bibr4-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01520"},{"key":"bibr5-01926233231213851","first-page":"843019","volume":"2011","author":"Amptoulach S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemother Res Pract"},{"key":"bibr6-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183845"},{"key":"bibr7-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S44261"},{"key":"bibr8-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.68457"},{"key":"bibr9-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1768-322X.1990.tb00890.x"},{"key":"bibr10-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1982.tb00273.x"},{"key":"bibr11-01926233231213851","author":"Bangari DS","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"bibr12-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233221101314"},{"key":"bibr13-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01717-3"},{"key":"bibr14-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0781-6"},{"key":"bibr15-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(91)90001-N"},{"key":"bibr16-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020287"},{"key":"bibr17-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npbr.2011.06.003"},{"key":"bibr18-01926233231213851","unstructured":"Beitz AJ, Fletcher TF. Neurons\u2014multipolar neurons. Published 2004. Accessed November 11, 2023. http:\/\/vanat.cvm.umn.edu\/neurLab1\/neuron.html."},{"key":"bibr19-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfx089"},{"key":"bibr20-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052449"},{"key":"bibr21-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233231179707"},{"key":"bibr22-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.113020"},{"key":"bibr23-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.04.001"},{"key":"bibr24-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.05.007"},{"key":"bibr25-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.05.029"},{"key":"bibr26-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2016.11.026"},{"key":"bibr27-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233231164557"},{"key":"bibr28-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623318772484"},{"key":"bibr29-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.10.004"},{"key":"bibr30-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623320951154"},{"key":"bibr31-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2628"},{"key":"bibr32-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00282"},{"key":"bibr33-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.05.007"},{"key":"bibr34-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2022.01.013"},{"key":"bibr35-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623310378869"},{"key":"bibr36-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu192"},{"key":"bibr37-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319857053"},{"key":"bibr38-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b13783-23"},{"key":"bibr39-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23815"},{"key":"bibr40-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00187137"},{"key":"bibr41-01926233231213851","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2023 American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT) annual meeting","author":"Chen X"},{"key":"bibr42-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI164575"},{"key":"bibr43-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20740"},{"key":"bibr44-01926233231213851","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Translational Pain Research: From Mouse to Man","author":"Christianson JA","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr45-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2015.05.001"},{"key":"bibr46-01926233231213851","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2023 American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT) annual meeting","author":"Clarner P"},{"key":"bibr47-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901930103"},{"key":"bibr48-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3649-04.2004"},{"key":"bibr49-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319869011"},{"key":"bibr50-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0238"},{"key":"bibr51-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.055"},{"key":"bibr52-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2005.11.011"},{"key":"bibr53-01926233231213851","volume-title":"De LaHunta\u2019s Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology","author":"de Lahunta A","year":"2022","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr54-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00135-9"},{"key":"bibr55-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07367228509144581"},{"key":"bibr56-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4638-10.2011"},{"key":"bibr57-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22571"},{"key":"bibr58-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.11.011"},{"key":"bibr59-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374245-2.00024-3"},{"key":"bibr60-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202113968"},{"key":"bibr61-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319861937"},{"key":"bibr62-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(89)90050-7"},{"key":"bibr63-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2022.03.017"},{"key":"bibr64-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10274"},{"key":"bibr65-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147384"},{"key":"bibr66-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0859"},{"key":"bibr67-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(90)90080-7"},{"key":"bibr68-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.04.021"},{"key":"bibr69-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2013.56"},{"key":"bibr70-01926233231213851","volume-title":"Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience","author":"FitzGerald MJT","year":"2007","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr71-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901990111"},{"key":"bibr72-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000013861"},{"key":"bibr73-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470939956.ch25"},{"key":"bibr74-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23598"},{"key":"bibr75-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01078.x"},{"key":"bibr76-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2419"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr77-01926233231213851","first-page":"1683","volume":"29","author":"Gebhardt BM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bibr78-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.06.010"},{"key":"bibr79-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1453-17.2017"},{"key":"bibr80-01926233231213851","unstructured":"global open Registry Nomenclature Information System. Nomenclature. Published 2020. Accessed November 11, 2023. https:\/\/www.goreni.org\/gr3_nomenclature.php."},{"key":"bibr81-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20778"},{"key":"bibr82-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEUR.0000005596.88385.ec"},{"key":"bibr83-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00638"},{"key":"bibr84-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00271"},{"key":"bibr85-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-023-03770-w"},{"key":"bibr86-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527315666151110125325"},{"key":"bibr87-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.03.070"},{"key":"bibr88-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.09.001"},{"key":"bibr89-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.04.009"},{"key":"bibr90-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00279-8"},{"key":"bibr91-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0333-z"},{"key":"bibr92-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03255-8"},{"key":"bibr93-01926233231213851","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2023 American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT) annual meeting","author":"Henry K"},{"key":"bibr94-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2016.06.006"},{"key":"bibr95-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2018.015"},{"key":"bibr96-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51165"},{"key":"bibr97-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200403010-00004"},{"key":"bibr98-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1620-06.2006"},{"key":"bibr99-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2020.167"},{"key":"bibr100-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aba9188"},{"key":"bibr101-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2019.012"},{"key":"bibr102-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2018.06.003"},{"key":"bibr103-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2018.06.004"},{"key":"bibr104-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2021.245"},{"key":"bibr105-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319854338"},{"key":"bibr106-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00065-9"},{"key":"bibr107-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22541"},{"key":"bibr108-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00007"},{"key":"bibr109-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233211041962"},{"key":"bibr110-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1876386301306010095"},{"key":"bibr111-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-002-2036-8"},{"key":"bibr112-01926233231213851","unstructured":"International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. World Association of Veterinary Anatomists; 2017. Accessed November 11, 2023. http:\/\/www.wava-amav.org\/wava-documents.html."},{"key":"bibr113-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2003.00203.x"},{"key":"bibr114-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12568-w"},{"key":"bibr115-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0659-11.2011"},{"key":"bibr116-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23532"},{"key":"bibr117-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270874"},{"key":"bibr118-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00033"},{"key":"bibr119-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020487"},{"key":"bibr120-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-10-03362.1987"},{"key":"bibr121-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00308"},{"key":"bibr122-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-4-10"},{"key":"bibr123-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.06.043"},{"key":"bibr124-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36014-0"},{"key":"bibr125-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v8.i4.329"},{"key":"bibr126-01926233231213851","volume-title":"Principles of Neural Science","author":"Kandel ER","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr127-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623312439125"},{"key":"bibr128-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52902-2.00005-9"},{"key":"bibr129-01926233231213851","volume-title":"Barr\u2019s the Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint","author":"Kiernan JA","year":"2014","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr130-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2008.08.008"},{"key":"bibr131-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901077"},{"key":"bibr132-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00202"},{"key":"bibr133-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2014.04.005"},{"key":"bibr134-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.801492"},{"key":"bibr135-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02218-6"},{"key":"bibr136-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1203-07.2007"},{"key":"bibr137-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2000.11740719"},{"key":"bibr138-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233211063831"},{"key":"bibr139-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(85)90370-9"},{"key":"bibr140-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0205-4"},{"key":"bibr141-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.149"},{"key":"bibr142-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0080"},{"key":"bibr143-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01901"},{"key":"bibr144-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718826115"},{"key":"bibr145-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.21319"},{"key":"bibr146-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01195557"},{"key":"bibr147-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0692-x"},{"key":"bibr148-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010270"},{"key":"bibr149-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190351"},{"key":"bibr150-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00071.2018"},{"key":"bibr151-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-9-36"},{"key":"bibr152-01926233231213851","volume-title":"The Human Nervous System","author":"Mai JK","year":"2012","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr153-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(03)00246-X"},{"key":"bibr154-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170814"},{"key":"bibr155-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092287"},{"key":"bibr156-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901910106"},{"key":"bibr157-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.10.002"},{"key":"bibr158-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110328"},{"key":"bibr159-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374236-0.10004-5"},{"key":"bibr160-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.250566"},{"key":"bibr161-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01188409"},{"key":"bibr162-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2013.12.009"},{"key":"bibr163-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2663-18.2019"},{"key":"bibr164-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.08.014"},{"key":"bibr165-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233221101309"},{"key":"bibr166-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418786261"},{"key":"bibr167-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.10.019"},{"key":"bibr168-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2005056"},{"key":"bibr169-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2010.00295.x"},{"key":"bibr170-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/860546"},{"key":"bibr171-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623320967279"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr172-01926233231213851","first-page":"333","volume":"24","author":"Nagashima K","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"bibr173-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703"},{"key":"bibr174-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199602)244:2<246::AID-AR12>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"bibr175-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.04.003"},{"key":"bibr176-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao0935"},{"key":"bibr177-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.108"},{"key":"bibr178-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233221099300"},{"key":"bibr179-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2021.116"},{"key":"bibr180-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(02)20002-9"},{"key":"bibr181-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X10000037"},{"key":"bibr182-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623320926475"},{"key":"bibr183-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319867322"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr184-01926233231213851","first-page":"110","volume":"48","author":"Patro N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"bibr185-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10020119"},{"key":"bibr186-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.6.JNS132364"},{"key":"bibr187-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03706-5"},{"key":"bibr188-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001217"},{"key":"bibr189-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0288-3"},{"key":"bibr190-01926233231213851","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Nerves and Nerve Injuries: Vol. 1. History, Embryology, Anatomy, Imaging, and Diagnostics","author":"Reina MA","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr191-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1920-8"},{"key":"bibr192-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113244"},{"key":"bibr193-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581819830980"},{"key":"bibr194-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-109"},{"key":"bibr195-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23177"},{"key":"bibr196-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020529"},{"key":"bibr197-01926233231213851","unstructured":"Sanvictores T, Tadi P. Neuroanatomy, Autonomic Nervous System Visceral Afferent Fibers and Pain. StatPearls; 2022. Accessed November 11, 2023. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK560843\/."},{"key":"bibr198-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S26603"},{"key":"bibr199-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415759-0.00054-6"},{"key":"bibr200-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092190313"},{"key":"bibr201-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2014.00042"},{"key":"bibr202-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.01.002"},{"key":"bibr203-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.120474"},{"key":"bibr204-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23083"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr205-01926233231213851","first-page":"2098","volume":"27","author":"Shen J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr206-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04568.x"},{"key":"bibr207-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2006.0090.x"},{"key":"bibr208-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802900-8.00020-8"},{"key":"bibr209-01926233231213851","unstructured":"Society of Toxicologic Pathology. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) published guides. Published 2020. Accessed November 11, 2023. https:\/\/www.toxpath.org\/inhand.asp#pubg."},{"key":"bibr210-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(97)00191-3"},{"key":"bibr211-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100818-125242"},{"key":"bibr212-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging9020045"},{"key":"bibr213-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01187086"},{"key":"bibr214-01926233231213851","volume-title":"Bancroft\u2019s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","author":"Suvarna SK","year":"2019","edition":"8"},{"key":"bibr215-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.09.027"},{"key":"bibr216-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903570302"},{"key":"bibr217-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90434-4"},{"key":"bibr218-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233231180179"},{"key":"bibr219-01926233231213851","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2022 Society of Toxicology (SOT) annual meeting","author":"Tien E"},{"key":"bibr220-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.12.053"},{"key":"bibr221-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2013.04.007"},{"key":"bibr222-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14246-7"},{"key":"bibr223-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-5-52"},{"key":"bibr224-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.612982"},{"key":"bibr225-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20472"},{"key":"bibr226-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2021.255"},{"key":"bibr227-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3881"},{"key":"bibr228-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319854326"},{"key":"bibr229-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00827-3"},{"key":"bibr230-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900890"},{"key":"bibr231-01926233231213851","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Nerves and Nerve Injuries: Vol. 1. History, Embryology, Anatomy, Imaging, and Diagnostics","author":"Varga I","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr232-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.587699"},{"key":"bibr233-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.115.225219"},{"key":"bibr234-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S255726"},{"key":"bibr235-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CNV-120018236"},{"key":"bibr236-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5053-07.2008"},{"key":"bibr237-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16355-w"},{"key":"bibr238-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00219.x"},{"key":"bibr239-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623319850824"},{"key":"bibr240-01926233231213851","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2023 American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT) annual meeting","author":"West JA"},{"key":"bibr241-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-002-0607-y"},{"key":"bibr242-01926233231213851","unstructured":"Whiteley L, Hordeaux J. rAAV gene therapy and peripheral nervous system ganglia toxicity. Published 2021. Accessed November 11, 2023. https:\/\/asgct.org\/global\/documents\/advocacy\/2021-fda-liaison-meeting\/redacted-final-drg-asgct-fda-nov-2021.aspx."},{"key":"bibr243-01926233231213851","unstructured":"Wilson JM. Nonclinical findings of dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord and peripheral nerve toxicities. Published 2021. Accessed November 11, 2023. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/152000\/download."},{"key":"bibr244-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-4184"},{"key":"bibr245-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032581"},{"key":"bibr246-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902020306"},{"key":"bibr247-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200001000-00021"},{"key":"bibr248-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3271-9_18"},{"key":"bibr249-01926233231213851","unstructured":"Yu M, Donohoe C. Neuroanatomy, Semilunar Ganglion. StatPearls; 2022. Accessed November 11, 2023. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK556085\/."},{"key":"bibr250-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20811"},{"key":"bibr251-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13839-2"},{"key":"bibr252-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061451"},{"key":"bibr253-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.02.011"},{"key":"bibr254-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23588"},{"key":"bibr255-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2009.131"},{"key":"bibr256-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.039"},{"key":"bibr257-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2018.12.001"},{"key":"bibr258-01926233231213851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254229"}],"container-title":["Toxicologic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01926233231213851","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01926233231213851","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01926233231213851","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:43:11Z","timestamp":1777653791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01926233231213851"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":258,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01926233231213851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01926233231213851","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-6233","1533-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}}}