{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:02:49Z","timestamp":1777914169551,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Replication-competent oncolytic virus (OV) therapies are a promising new modality for cancer treatment. However, they pose unique challenges for preclinical assessment, due in part to their tumor specificity and ability to self-replicate in vivo. Understanding biodistribution, immune cell responses, and potential effects of intratumoral replication on these outcomes are important aspects of the nonclinical profile for OVs. Herein, a single intravenous dose of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with the glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (VSV-GP), or a cargo-expressing variant (VSV-GP-[cargo]), was examined in both tumor-free and CT26.CL25.IFNAR\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                    syngeneic tumor-bearing mouse models. Biodistribution and immune cell responses were characterized using different molecular pathology methods, including a strand-specific in situ hybridization method to differentiate administered viral genomes from replicated or transcribed viral anti-genome RNA. We identified distinct patterns of viral biodistribution and replication across tumor and nontumor sites but no major differences in biodistribution, off-tumor cell tropism, or immune cell responses between tumor-free and tumor-bearing mouse models. Our findings characterize key cellular changes following systemic exposure to VSV-GP, provide a better understanding of a nonclinical permissive tumor model for OV assessment, and demonstrate how current molecular pathology methods can provide a bridge between traditional biodistribution and pathology readouts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233241303904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T06:44:54Z","timestamp":1740638694000},"page":"65-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular Pathology Methods to Characterize Biodistribution and Pharmacodynamics of the Oncolytic Virus VSV-GP in a Nonclinical Tumor Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7117-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Matter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Budzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saurin","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Hoyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8566-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Dambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA"},{"name":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Vigil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0658-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015"},{"key":"bibr2-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2776(10)05007-8"},{"key":"bibr3-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2020.02.005"},{"key":"bibr4-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.02.006"},{"key":"bibr5-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.78.4.1706-1717.2004"},{"key":"bibr6-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207505"},{"key":"bibr7-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2022.12.013"},{"key":"bibr8-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13027"},{"key":"bibr9-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016378"},{"key":"bibr10-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.007"},{"key":"bibr11-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02472"},{"key":"bibr12-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335216"},{"key":"bibr13-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0029-0"},{"key":"bibr14-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12251"},{"key":"bibr15-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2169"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr16-01926233241303904","first-page":"8589","volume":"13","author":"Hou X","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"bibr17-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2009.111"},{"key":"bibr18-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2414"},{"key":"bibr19-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.04.010"},{"key":"bibr20-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.05.005"},{"key":"bibr21-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783x-19-s1-s26"},{"key":"bibr22-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau6085"},{"key":"bibr23-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2020.1402"},{"key":"bibr24-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415622"},{"key":"bibr25-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.11.001"},{"key":"bibr26-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-13-3306"},{"key":"bibr27-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3320"},{"key":"bibr28-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700948"},{"key":"bibr29-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aah5520"},{"key":"bibr30-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.020"},{"key":"bibr31-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19555-0"},{"key":"bibr32-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00719-w"},{"key":"bibr33-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2018.05.001"},{"key":"bibr34-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.022"},{"key":"bibr35-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01046-18"},{"key":"bibr36-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aax8756"},{"key":"bibr37-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.021"},{"key":"bibr38-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2229"},{"key":"bibr39-01926233241303904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/humc.2016.061"}],"container-title":["Toxicologic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01926233241303904","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01926233241303904","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01926233241303904","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:43:38Z","timestamp":1777653818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01926233241303904"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01926233241303904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01926233241303904","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-6233","1533-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}}}