{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:06:44Z","timestamp":1777914404208,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4_part_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]],"date-time":"1989-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":607392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have developed a medium-term bioassay system of 8 weeks duration utilizing male Fischer 344 (F344) rats for detection of liver carcinogens and modifiers of hepatocarcinogenesis. The system consists of a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg\/kg), 6-weeks-administration of test chemical beginning 2 weeks after the DEN injection, and 2\/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) performed at week 3. Carcinogenic potency of test chemicals is predicted based on the results of quantitative analyses of immunohistochemically-demonstrated glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive liver cell foci. At present, a total of 140 chemicals have been tested using this system, and the findings show a good correlation with reported carcinogenic activities in long-term tests. Furthermore, the reliability of the system has been extensively examined: the results from the medium-term bioassay were compared with those from long-term experiments using the same doses of selected chemicals; the data from presently-used 2-dimensional analysis were compared with calculated values utilizing mathematical formulae for three-dimensional analysis: conformity of phenotypic expression of enzymes in preneoplastic lesions was examined in relation to their growth activity. In conclusion, although the results with non-hepatocarcinogens were less than satisfactory, the present experimental protocol, which requires far fewer animals and shorter duration than a long-term carcinogenicity test, appears of advantage for rapid screening of the large number of environmental chemicals which may possess hazard potential for induction of liver cancer in man.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623389017004108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T02:34:00Z","timestamp":1500258840000},"page":"630-641","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Medium-Term Bioassay System for Detection of Carcinogens and Modifiers of Hepatocarcinogenesis Utilizing the GST-P Positive Liver Cell Focus as an Endpoint Marker"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masae","family":"Tatematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Haegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/7.5.689"},{"key":"bibr2-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/289353a0"},{"key":"bibr3-0192623389017004108","first-page":"2426","volume":"42","author":"Cameron RG","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"bibr4-0192623389017004108","first-page":"465","volume":"42","author":"Campbell HA","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"bibr5-0192623389017004108","first-page":"3573","volume":"38","author":"Doll R","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"bibr6-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/8.2.231"},{"key":"bibr7-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60658-2"},{"key":"bibr8-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/2.10.1033"},{"key":"bibr9-0192623389017004108","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Principles and Methods of Toxicology","author":"Gad SC","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr10-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/6.2.165"},{"key":"bibr11-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860050703"},{"key":"bibr12-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00052847"},{"key":"bibr13-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/2.12.1299"},{"key":"bibr14-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/29.4.6166661"},{"key":"bibr15-0192623389017004108","volume-title":"IARC Monographs Suppl. 2","author":"IARC","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr16-0192623389017004108","volume-title":"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans","year":"1972"},{"key":"bibr17-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(82)90032-X"},{"key":"bibr18-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(86)90166-7"},{"key":"bibr19-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/4.7.895"},{"key":"bibr20-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1989.tb02314.x"},{"key":"bibr21-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(88)90023-1"},{"key":"bibr22-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1988.tb00023.x"},{"key":"bibr23-0192623389017004108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ito N, Imaida K, Hasegawa R, Tsuda H (1989). 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