{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:08:37Z","timestamp":1777914517990,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,1]],"date-time":"1994-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":773020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,1]],"date-time":"1994-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":773020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Histological and ultrastructural changes were investigated in lung, liver, and heart of mice given interleukin-2 (IL-2), either alone or in combination with other cytokines. IL-2 induced a vascular leak syndrome (VLS) of a moderate degree with infiltration of lymphoid cells, moderate endothelial damage. mild hepatic parenchymal damage, and minimal myocardial alterations. Interferon-a (IFN-\u03b1) produced infiltration mainly of monocytes\/macrophages in liver and heart; endothelial cell damage was absent in lung and heart and minimal in liver. Interleukin-1\u03b1 (IL-1\u03b1) caused an increased number of neutrophils in liver and lung; VLS and parenchymal cell and endothelial damage were not found. The VLS and the cellular damage caused by the combination of IL-2 and IFN were much more severe than those produced by IL-2 alone. In animals treated with IL-2, IFN-\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b1, VLS was minimal and parenchymal and endothelial cell damage were less severe than after IL-2 alone or IL-2 plus IFN-\u03b1. Taken together, these observations show that IL-1\u03b1 reduces ultrastructural changes produced by IL-2 and IFN-\u03b1. This reduction may be clinically useful in the treatment of neoplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339402200404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T19:16:47Z","timestamp":1238613407000},"page":"381-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interleukin-la Reduces the Severity of the Vascular Leak Syndrome Produced by Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2 Plus Interferon-a"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Fujita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cytokine Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zu-Xi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Travis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor J.","family":"Ferrans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"331","volume":"60","author":"Anderson TD","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lab. 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