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Ten monthly intragastric applications of 50, 25, 13, or 0 parasite metacercariae resulted in pronounced proliferative and inflammatory lesions involving the first- and second-order ducts in response to the presence of adult worms. Despite the development of small numbers of putative preneoplastic areas of cholangiofibrosis and morphologically altered hepatocellular foci, no neoplastic lesions were evident at sacrifice after 1 yr. The results thus suggest that parasite infestation is itself not strongly carcinogenic if at all but, rather, that it exerts a marked promoting influence on cholangiocellular and hepatocellular tumor development in the hamster via chronic irritation and increased cell turnover.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339602400412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T19:16:47Z","timestamp":1238613407000},"page":"493-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Equivocal Evidence of Complete Carcinogenicity after Repeated Infection of Syrian Hamsters with Opisthorchis viverrini"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Witaya","family":"Thamavit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carcinogenesis Research Unit, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danai","family":"Tiwawech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Section, Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197503000-00010"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"173","volume":"79","author":"Amano T.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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