{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:41:37Z","timestamp":1777912897741,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]],"date-time":"1998-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":904608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) was evaluated for carcinogenicity in inhalation studies because of its high use in the production of Teflon. There was clear evidence of hepatocarcinogenic activity in B6C3F\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice after 2 yr of TFE exposure. The present study was designed to characterize the mutation profiles of H- and K- ras oncogenes in liver neoplasms in mice after exposure to 0, 312, 625, or 1,250 ppm TFE. ras mutations were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism, single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplified-DNA isolated from frozen or paraffin-embedded liver neoplasms. A low frequency (15%, 9\/59) of H- ras codon 61 mutations was detected in hepatocellular neoplasms when compared with the higher frequency (59% of this study and 56% of historical data) in spontaneously occurring liver neoplasms. There was no difference in the mutation frequency or spectrum among exposure groups or between benign and malignant hepatocellular neoplasms. K- ras mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61 and H- ras mutations at codon 117 were not detected in hepatocellular neoplasms. These data suggest that TFE-induced hepatocellular neoplasms are developed by pathways that are mostly independent of ras mutations. The ras mutation frequency and spectrum were similar to those of the structurally related chemical tetrachloroethylene.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339802600508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T09:02:17Z","timestamp":1500282137000},"page":"646-650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Frequency of\n                    <i>ras<\/i>\n                    Mutations in Liver Neoplasms from B6C3F\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    Mice Exposed to Tetrafluoroethylene for Two Years"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hue-Hua L.","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodora R.","family":"Devereux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Carcinogenesis Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Roycroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Boorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Sills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.10.2255"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.56.070187.004023"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.3.477"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"211","volume":"12","author":"Dekant W","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dew Toxicol Environ. 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Biol."},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(95)03112-S"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Oxazepam in Swiss-Webster and B6C3F1","author":"National Toxicology Program","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrajluoroethylene (CAS No. 116-14-3) in F344\/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).","author":"National Toxicology Program","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(89)90129-8"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3629242"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.10.1917"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2448875"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/16.7.1623"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.6.1125"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.2.718"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(89)90028-6"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.16.5825"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-372180-8.50023-8"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.9.3070"}],"container-title":["Toxicologic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019262339802600508","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019262339802600508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:07:10Z","timestamp":1777651630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019262339802600508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019262339802600508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019262339802600508","relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-6233","1533-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}}}