{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:39:04Z","timestamp":1788791944735,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]],"date-time":"1999-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":925516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The neurotoxic effects of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) were investigated using neurofilament (NF)-deficient (Quv) Japanese quail in comparison with normal Japanese quail. Both Quv and normal Japanese quail were inoculated intraperitoneally with 350 mg\/kg\/day 2,5-HD for 6 consecutive wk. The results of 2,5-HD exposure differed substantially between the 2 strains of Japanese quail. The 2,5-HD-exposed normal quail showed leg paralysis about 4 wk after initiation of dosing. Some treated normal quail fell into dysstasia and died of nutritional disturbances. Histologically, 2,5-HD-treated normal quail had NF-rich axonal swellings and degeneration in the distal parts of the peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and cerebellar peduncles. In contrast, 2,5-HD-injected Quv quail showed tonic convulsion, ataxia gait, severe quivering, and excitation about 2-3 days after administration. Some treated Quv birds died immediately after systemic tonic convulsion, probably because of asphyxia. Although all treated Quv quail showed neurologic signs, there were no recognizable 2,5-HD-induced lesions in the nervous system. After about 4-6 wk of dosing, 2,5-HD induced distal axonopathy in normal quail and acute neurotoxicity in Quv quail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339902700311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]],"date-time":"2008-02-08T19:38:42Z","timestamp":1202499522000},"page":"348-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Neurotoxic Effects of 2,5-Hexanedione on Normal and Neurofilament-Deficient Quail"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Takuya","family":"Hirai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan, ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Kobuchizawa, Kitakomagun, Yamanashi 409-16, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Umemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chitoshi","family":"Itakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Goth A. ( 1966). Central nervous system stimulants of the convulsant type . In: Medical Pharmacology, 3rd ed. C.V.Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri , pp. 260-264."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408449509021609"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399309531762"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Klaassen CD (1996). Nonmetallic environmental toxicants. In: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. JG Hardman and LE Limbird (eds). McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 1689-1690."},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"7","volume":"18","author":"LoPachin RM","year":"1997","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294295"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.121.2.387"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Ringler DJ, Alroy J., Vleet Jfv, Woodard JC, and Koestner A. (1996). Diseases due to extraneous poisons. In: Veterinary Pathology, 6th ed. 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