{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:41:46Z","timestamp":1777912906735,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]],"date-time":"1999-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":925516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For more than 40 yr, an unusual urinary bladder lesion has been known to occur in certain strains of mice, but no consensus has been obtained regarding its etiology, pathogenesis, biology, or classification. The lesion was first assumed to be epithelial and non-neoplastic, then it was called a smooth muscle cell tumor or leiomyosarcoma because of ultrastructural characteristics for smooth muscle cells. Later, the nonspecific term \"mesenchymal tumor\" was introduced due to histomorphologic differences from all smooth muscle tumors known. Recently, a proposal was made to name it \"decidual-like reaction\" because of the histomorphologic similarity to the rare spontaneous decidual reaction in the uterus of aging mice. Both lesions are characterized by spindle and large pleomorphic epithelioid cells with large bizarre nuclei; these characteristics mimic anaplasia of malignant tumors and led pathologists to assume a neoplastic nature. The decidual hypothesis is supported by the regular presence of nuclear progesterone receptors, the occasional occurrence of eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules, the rare finding of cells morphologically resembling granulated metrial gland cells (all also observed in the uterine decidual reaction), and the reproducibility through long-term feeding of combinations of estrogens and progestogens. It appears that the new decidual hypothesis can explain many detailed facets of the lesion, with the exception of the reported smooth muscle cell characteristics. The controversy of \"mesenchymal tumor versus decidual-like reaction\" should be resolved soon, not only as a scientific issue, but also because of consequences for risk assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339902700312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]],"date-time":"2008-02-08T19:38:42Z","timestamp":1202499522000},"page":"354-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Review Article: \"Mesenchymal Tumor\" or \"Decidual-Like Reaction\"?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Karbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant for Pathology and Toxicology, Langendorfer Strasse 17, 42489 Wuelfrath, Germany, ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402660610"},{"key":"atypb2","author":"Amanuma T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700720213"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Boorman GA, Wood M., and Fukushima S. (1994). Tumours of the urinary bladder. In: Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals, Vol. 2, Tumours of the Mouse, 2nd ed. V Turusov and U Mohr (eds). International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, pp. 383-406."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339702500304"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339101900211"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"DeFeo VJ (1967). Decidualization. In: Cellular Biology of the Uterus, RM Wynn (ed). Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp. 191-290."},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-72550-0_22"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Ghadially FN (1988). Ultrastructural Pathology of the Cell and Matrix . Butterworths, London, pp. 876-878."},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Gopinath C. (1992). Susceptibility of the uterus to toxic substances . In: Pathobiology of the Aging Rat, Vol. 1, U Mohr, DL Dungworth, and CC Capen (eds). ILSI Press , Washington, D.C., pp. 389-394."},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-3189-3"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339802600115"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"2396","volume":"36","author":"Jacobs JB","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0990635"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Poster at the 16th International Symposium of the Society Toxicologic Pathology","author":"Karbe E."},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Poster at the 17th International Symposium of the Society Toxicologic Pathology","author":"Karbe E."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(98)80013-4"},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Leiniger JR and Jokinen MP (1990). Oviduct, uterus, and vagina. In: Pathology of the Fischer Rat, GA Boorman, SL Eustis, MR Elwell, CA Montgomery, Jr, and WF MacKenzie (eds). 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