{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:24:11Z","timestamp":1777598651615,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eval Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the nation\u2019s most costly problems in terms of dollars, disability, and death. Self-help programs are among the varied recovery support options available to address SUD, and evaluation of these programs depends on good measurement. There exists an unmet need for a psychometrically sound, brief, efficient measure of self-help involvement for individuals with SUD that is valid across different substances and age-groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from 2,101 persons presenting for SUD treatment, the full 21-item Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Self-Help Involvement Scale (SHIS) and a newly developed 11-item short-form version were validated against the Rasch measurement model and each other. Differential item functioning (DIF) was assessed by primary substance and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both versions met Rasch psychometric criteria. The full scale had minor misfit with no DIF for alcohol, marijuana, or opioids but a few instances of DIF for amphetamine and cocaine users as well as for age, in that youth tended to endorse several easier items more frequently than did adults. The 11-item short form had neither misfit nor DIF by substance and only minor DIF by age was highly correlated with the full version and was relatively more efficient. Criterion-related validity was supported for both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both the long and short versions of SHIS are psychometrically sound measures of a more comprehensive conceptualization of self-help involvement for SUDs that can be used as part of an in-depth assessment or as a short measure that lessens respondent burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841x15599645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T22:04:56Z","timestamp":1439589896000},"page":"395-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Validation of the Full and Short-Form Self-Help Involvement Scale Against the Rasch Measurement Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Conrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL USA"},{"name":"Program Metrics, LLC, Oak Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kendon J.","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL USA"},{"name":"Program Metrics, LLC, Oak Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lora L.","family":"Passetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chestnut Health Systems Lighthouse Institute, Normal, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodney R.","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chestnut Health Systems Lighthouse Institute, Normal, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chestnut Health Systems Lighthouse Institute, Normal, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0193841X15599645","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-0193841X15599645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293814"},{"key":"bibr3-0193841X15599645","volume-title":"Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences","author":"Bond T. 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