{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:07:26Z","timestamp":1791094046644,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]],"date-time":"1998-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":891388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eval Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors have developed and tested scale-up methods, based on a simple social network theory, to estimate the size of hard-to-count subpopulations. The authors asked a nationally representative sample of respondents how many people they knew in a list of 32 subpopulations, including 29 subpopulations of known size and 3 of unknown size. Using these responses, the authors produced an effectively unbiased maximum likelihood estimate of the number of people each respondent knows. These estimates were then used to back-estimate the size of the three populations of unknown size. Maximum likelihood values and 95% confidence intervals are found for seroprevalence, 800,000 \u00b143,000; for homeless, 526,000 \u00b135,000; and for women raped in the last 12 months, 194,000\u00b121,000. The estimate for seroprevalence agrees strikingly with medical estimates, the homeless estimate is well within the published estimates, and the authors' estimate lies in the middle of the published range for rape victims.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841x9802200205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,11]],"date-time":"2007-03-11T03:39:09Z","timestamp":1173584349000},"page":"289-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Estimation of Seroprevalence, Rape, and Homelessness in the United States Using a Social Network Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Killworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southampton Oceanography Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"McCarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Russell","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene Ann","family":"Shelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene C.","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854893020003003"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Violence against women: A National Crime Victimization Survey Report","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Violence against women: Estimates from redesigned survey","author":"Bachman, R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418829400092371"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Bernard, H.R., E.C. Johnsen, P.D. Killworth, and S. Robinson. 1989. Estimating the size of an average personal network and of an event subpopulation In the small world, edited by M. Kochen, 159-75. Norwood, NJ: Ablex."},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-089X(91)90012-R"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(97)00002-6"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Criminal victimization in the United States, 1992","author":"Bureau of Justice Statistics.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"America's homeless: Numbers, characteristics, and programs that serve them","author":"Burt, M.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"7","volume":"39","author":"Centers for Disease Control.","year":"1990","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"1","volume":"28","author":"Council for Marketing and Opinion Research.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Survey Research"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Freeman, L.C., and C.R. 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