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The design was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective study of participants (N = 153) that completed 3 months of CPAP therapy from seven sleep disorders centers in the United States and Canada. A 15-item subscale adapted from the Fear and Avoidance Scale measured claustrophobic tendencies pre-CPAP treatment and again after 3 months. An overt monitor attached to the CPAP machines recorded mask-on CPAP adherence. There was a statistically significant difference in claustrophobia scores by adherence group (&lt; 2 hours, 2 to &lt; 5 hours, \u2265 5 hours) and time period (pre-CPAP and after 3 months CPAP). Poor CPAP adherence (&lt; 2 hours per night)was more than two times higher in participants with a claustrophobia score \u2265 25. Identification of persons with increased claustrophobia tendencies and targeted interventions may increase adherence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945904273283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,21]],"date-time":"2005-03-21T18:23:21Z","timestamp":1111429401000},"page":"307-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Claustrophobia and Adherence to CPAP Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Eileen R.","family":"Chasens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan I.","family":"Pack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Maislin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Dinges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri E.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770909909056310"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.3006.99585","volume":"30","author":"Casas, I.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Revista de Neurologia"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105477380201100206"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00457-7"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.4.351","volume":"16","author":"Edinger, J. 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