{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:55:28Z","timestamp":1788375328885,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013902","name":"National Council of State Boards of Nursing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project: R101011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project: R101011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["West J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Substance use disorders (SUDs) in nursing have individual well-being, patient safety, and licensure\/regulatory implications. Literature is scarce related to predicting SUDs in registered nurses; this study included specific items surrounding nurses\u2019 psychological trauma. An online survey, consisting of validated scales and investigator-generated items was distributed to 4,000 registered nurses in Indiana with a yield of 1,478 surveys. The World Health Organization: Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used as the dependent variable to assess risk of SUDs. Three multivariate regression models with predictive variables for risk of tobacco ( R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.08), alcohol ( R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.09), and other substances ( R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.10) use were found. Of concern, nurses are at moderate risk for tobacco use at 11.6%; alcohol use at 11.6% and for other substances at 10.4%. Each regression model contained distinct predictor variables; however, variables occurring in all three models were: depression, anxiety, and items surrounding psychological trauma (adverse childhood experiences, life events, lateral workplace violence).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945920987123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T06:51:56Z","timestamp":1610952716000},"page":"1023-1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Predictors of Substance Use in Registered Nurses: The Role of Psychological Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9510-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen J.","family":"Foli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingsong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Reddick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0193945920987123","unstructured":"American Nurses Association. 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