{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:55:27Z","timestamp":1777913727892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Jan & Jack Creighton Endowment at the Paul G. Allen School for Global Health at Washington State University."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["West J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among adults in Vihiga County, Western Kenya.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional population-based study was completed. Participants ( n = 575) were selected at the household level using a systematic random sample, and sociodemographic, anthropometrical, clinical, and biochemical data were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample consisted of 71.8% women and 28.2% men. The prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) was 56.4%. A greater proportion of women (62.8%) had low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared with men (44.7%) (odds ratio [OR], 2.99; 95% CI, 1.59-5.64). High triglyceride levels were more prevalent in men (16.4%) compared with women (15.4%) (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19-0.71). Based on average waist to hip ratio, abdominal obesity was significantly higher in women (55.4%) compared with men (27.6%) (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.52-4.49). Low levels of physical inactivity were prevalent in women (36.3%) at significantly higher proportions compared with men (22.7%) (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.02-2.92). Women used tobacco at significantly lower proportions (0.5%) compared with men (27.2%) (OR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00-0.06). A higher proportion of women (47.9%) rated their general health as poor compared with men (37.1%), a statistically significant difference (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.23-3.28).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, low physical activity, and tobacco use indicates the urgent need for comprehensive health promotion programs to improve public health in rural areas of Kenya.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459241256580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T03:05:17Z","timestamp":1717297517000},"page":"592-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Rural Kenya\u20142023: Vihiga II"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7792-6456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kawkab","family":"Shishani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Kaduka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Olale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Schiller","family":"Mbuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Mutai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodgers","family":"Ochieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erastus","family":"Muniu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Sivarajan Froelicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01939459241256580","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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