{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T06:37:38Z","timestamp":1794638258596,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["West J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to explore the processes of methodologic and data-analysis triangulation in case studies using the example of research on nurse practitioners in primary health care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a scoping review within Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s methodological framework, considering studies that defined a case study design and used 2 or more data sources, published in English or German before August 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The databases searched were MEDLINE and CINAHL, supplemented with hand searching of relevant nursing journals. We also examined the reference list of all the included studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 63 reports were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, we included 8 articles. Five studies described within-method triangulation, whereas 3 provided information on between\/across-method triangulation. No study reported within-method triangulation of 2 or more quantitative data-collection procedures. The data-collection procedures were interviews, observation, documentation\/documents, service records, and questionnaires\/assessments. The data-analysis triangulation involved various qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis. Details about comparing or contrasting results from different qualitative and mixed-methods data were lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Various processes for methodologic and data-analysis triangulation are described in this scoping review but lack detail, thus hampering standardization in case study research, potentially affecting research traceability. Triangulation is complicated by terminological confusion. To advance case study research in nursing, authors should reflect critically on the processes of triangulation and employ existing tools, like a protocol or mixed-methods matrix, for transparent reporting. The only existing reporting guideline should be complemented with directions on methodologic and data-analysis triangulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459241263011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T04:18:08Z","timestamp":1722313088000},"page":"611-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Methodologic and Data-Analysis Triangulation in Case Studies: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-4951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarithe Charlotte","family":"Schlunegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Nursing Science, Witten\/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4253-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya","family":"Zumstein-Shaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Nursing Science, Witten\/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Nursing Science, Witten\/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Health Care Research, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01939459241263011","volume-title":"Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods","author":"Yin RK.","year":"2018","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr2-01939459241263011","volume-title":"Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches","author":"Creswell JW","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr3-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2019.615"},{"key":"bibr4-01939459241263011","volume-title":"Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods","author":"Patton MQ.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr5-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-55"},{"key":"bibr6-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2001.00253.x"},{"key":"bibr7-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781405165518.wbeost050.pub2"},{"key":"bibr8-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5590\/JOSC.2018.10.1.02"},{"key":"bibr9-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hsdr04010"},{"key":"bibr10-01939459241263011","volume-title":"Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research","author":"Creswell JW","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr11-01939459241263011","unstructured":"Maier CB, Aiken LH, Busse R. Nurses in advanced roles in primary care: policy levers for implementation. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health working papers. Published September 9, 2020. Accessed June 15, 2024. https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/social-issues-migration-health\/nurses-in-advanced-roles-in-primary-care_a8756593-en"},{"key":"bibr12-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"bibr13-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"bibr14-01939459241263011","unstructured":"Schober M, Lehwaldt D, Rogers M, et al. Guidelines on Advanced Practice Nursing. International Council of Nurses; 2021. Accessed June 15, 2024. https:\/\/www.icn.ch\/system\/files\/documents\/2020-04\/ICN_APN%20Report_EN_WEB.pdf"},{"key":"bibr15-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-0731-5"},{"key":"bibr16-01939459241263011","unstructured":"Flinter MM. From New Nurse Practitioner to Primary Care Provider: A Multiple Case Study of New Nurse Practitioners Who Completed a Formal Post-graduate Residency Training. University of Connecticut; 2010. Accessed June 15, 2024. http:\/\/search.ebscohost.com\/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=109853925&site=ehost-live"},{"key":"bibr17-01939459241263011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hmr.0000000000000344"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr18-01939459241263011","volume":"16","author":"Hungerford C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"key":"bibr19-01939459241263011","unstructured":"O\u2019Rourke TJ. Stakeholder Participation in Primary Care System Change: A Case Study Examination of the Introduction of the First Nurse Practitioner-Led Clinic in Ontario. University of Ottawa; 2013. 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