{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:56:11Z","timestamp":1777913771949,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Washington University St. Louis Institute Clinical and Translational Sciences","award":["15-21-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-21-030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["West J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Negative respiratory outcomes have been reported in people diagnosed with COVID-19. Breast cancer, the most common cancer diagnosed in women globally, is an important cancer to investigate regarding COVID-19 outcomes. We hypothesized that women with breast cancer and infected with COVID-19 would demonstrate a greater risk for negative respiratory outcomes than people without breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to examine associations between breast cancer diagnosis, COVID-19 infection, and negative respiratory outcomes using an Oracle Real World dataset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horn and Gassaway\u2019s Practice-Based Evidence Framework structured this retrospective cohort study. Regression analysis identified associations among negative respiratory outcomes and breast cancer and COVID-19 diagnosis. Associations between preexisting comorbidities and COVID-19 infection complications in the dataset were also examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Breast cancer and COVID-19 diagnoses significantly predict increased odds of developing a negative respiratory outcome (OR\u2009=\u20091.11, CI 1.01-1.23,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.03). Additional predictors of negative respiratory outcomes include advanced age (OR\u2009=\u20094.88, CI 4.21-5.65,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001); Black race (OR\u2009=\u20091.19, CI 1.11-1.28,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001); history of emergency department visits (OR\u2009=\u20091.33, CI 1.27-1.40,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001); and history of respiratory illness (OR\u2009=\u20092.60, CI 2.41-2.81,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Race\/ethnicity (Asian or Hispanic), age 20 to 34, and pre-index ischemic stroke or atrial fibrillation were not significantly associated with increased odds of negative respiratory outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black and older women with breast cancer are at increased risk of developing negative respiratory outcomes following a COVID-19 infection compared to younger and White women with breast cancer. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459251366356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T11:46:33Z","timestamp":1757072793000},"page":"1075-1083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Older and Black Breast Cancer Survivors at Higher Risk for Negative Respiratory Outcomes Following COVID-19 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5460-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8228-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison B.","family":"Anbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William I.","family":"Baskett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Hulett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasayakarn","family":"Narkthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An-Lin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan C.","family":"Armer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanlu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ren","family":"Shyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane M.","family":"Armer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. 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