{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:49:54Z","timestamp":1778903394309,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sigma Theta Tau Alpha Psi Chapter","award":["No number assigned, awarded a small research grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No number assigned, awarded a small research grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["West J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic highlighted vulnerabilities in the nursing workforce needing attention before future crises. Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) led teams, provided clinical expertise for policies and patient care, and adapted rapidly; however, the pandemic experiences of CNSs are not understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to explore the lived experiences of Michigan\u2019s CNSs throughout the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a descriptive phenomenological design, semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted between January and April 2021. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed to allow for rigorous analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine CNSs participated. Three themes emerged from the data. Within each of those 3 broad themes were 3 to 4 subthemes.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Theme 1:<\/jats:italic>\n                      nurses adapting to a crisis mindset consists of constant stress and work, rapid and unpredictable change, adapting with the science, and feelings toward the public.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Theme 2:<\/jats:italic>\n                      CNSs adapting to the crisis in unique ways is comprised of bearing extra emotional weight, losing a sense of control, role representation and clarity, and pride and responsibility.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Theme 3:<\/jats:italic>\n                      CNSs as holistic beings consists of coping mechanisms, support systems, and persistent life demands.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The stress experienced by CNSs was distinct from the stress felt by other health care professionals as they were expected to lead teams through 3 spheres of impact. The magnitude and uniqueness of their stress identifies a priority for adequate preparation of CNSs and highlights an opportunity for specific areas of improvement prior to any future crises.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459251410682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T09:39:16Z","timestamp":1768642756000},"page":"404-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phenomenological Exploration of Clinical Nurse Specialists\u2019 Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Prepare for Future Crises"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0290-6706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Boni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jackeline","family":"Iseler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Pfander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA"},{"name":"Munson Hospital, Traverse City, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JHM-D-24-00067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Office of Inspector General. Hospital experiences responding to the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a national pulse survey. March 23-27 2020. Accessed March 1 2021. https:\/\/oig.hhs.gov\/reports\/all\/2020\/hospital-experiences-responding-to-the-covid-19-pandemic-results-of-a-national-pulse-survey-march-23-27-2020\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Peterson Center on Healthcare and Kaiser Family Foundation. COVID-19 repercussions may outweigh recent gains in U.S. health system performance. July 23 2020. 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