{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:56:31Z","timestamp":1781520991420,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72574005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72574005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["West J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identifying the impact of living organ donation on donor quality of life (QoL) is crucial for tailored health care support. However, specific and validated instruments for this purpose remain scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to develop and validate a modular-design QoL scale for living solid organ donors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited liver and kidney donors from 2 Chinese hospitals. After generating items via literature review and donor interviews, item selection employed the Delphi method, cognitive interviews, and item analysis. Psychometric properties were assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, along with tests of internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1) and split-half reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The item analysis was performed on 223 liver\/kidney donors (mean age\u2009=\u200946.2), while the psychometric analysis included 563 (mean age\u2009=\u200945.0) donors. The Living Organ Donor QoL scale includes a common module, as well as liver donor\u2013specific and kidney donor\u2013specific modules. Exploratory factor analysis of the common module yielded a 30-item structure encompassing 7 factors, demonstrating acceptable construct validity. These 7 factors were subsequently categorized into 4 domains, a structure that was further validated by a second-order confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 of the 7 facets ranged from 0.601 to 0.891. Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 values for the liver-specific and kidney-specific donor modules were 0.806 and 0.891, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Living Organ Donor QoL scale comprises a common module, 4 domains (encompassing 7 facets and 30 items), and 2 donor-specific modules (liver specific and kidney specific, with 5 items each), all of which exhibit acceptable psychometric properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459261427849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T10:25:38Z","timestamp":1777112738000},"page":"705-717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Preliminary Validation of a Quality of Life Scale for Living Solid Organ Donors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9603-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuexian","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7587-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Nashan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kidney Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"},{"name":"Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Report on Organ Transplantation Development in China (2021)","author":"Huang J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang J. Report on Organ Transplantation Development in China (2021). 1st ed. People\u2019s Medical Publishing House; 2022.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358119857718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03542-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-024-01894-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHOQOL user manual. Published 1998. Accessed March 2012. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/4c5cd94a-599e-450f-9141-4a21a7b74849\/content"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1024-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2023.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcr.2025.100022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-012-0476-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0221-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.48812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945903252998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164420926231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2013-002024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16774"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2018.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000438206.04348.b2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103586"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07120714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000005197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018040398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40472-022-00379-w"}],"container-title":["Western Journal of Nursing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01939459261427849","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01939459261427849","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01939459261427849","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:39:02Z","timestamp":1781519942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01939459261427849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01939459261427849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01939459261427849","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-9459","1552-8456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-9459","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8456","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]}}}