{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T23:29:19Z","timestamp":1786663759850,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.2022R1A2C1011038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2022R1A2C1011038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["West J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Constipation is a common symptom among people with neurodegenerative diseases (PWND), with prevalence ranging from 25.2% to 70%. This is linked to cognitive decline, poor quality of life (QOL), and reduced survival. Although various non-pharmacological interventions exist, their methods and effects are inconsistent, highlighting the need to map current evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review aimed to systematically map evidence on non-pharmacological interventions in PWND, identify gaps, and provide recommendations for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A bibliographic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted in March 2026 without date restrictions. Studies on non-pharmacological interventions for constipation in PWND were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2,024 identified studies, 13 were included. The included studies targeted people with multiple sclerosis (n\u2009=\u20097), Parkinson\u2019s disease (n\u2009=\u20095), and dementia (n\u2009=\u20091), using various diagnostic criteria for constipation. The most frequently used non-pharmacological interventions were abdominal massage (n\u2009=\u20094) and acupuncture (n\u2009=\u20094), followed by biofeedback (n\u2009=\u20092), bowel training (n\u2009=\u20091), foot reflexology (n\u2009=\u20091), and ginger supplementation (n\u2009=\u20091). The type, provider, duration, and frequency of each intervention varied across studies. Improvements were observed in constipation-related outcomes (n\u2009=\u200910), disease-related outcomes (n\u2009=\u20092), QOL outcomes (n\u2009=\u20093), and other outcomes (n\u2009=\u20093), with diverse measurement tools and findings reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-pharmacological interventions may improve constipation and overall well-being in PWND. However, heterogeneity in protocols highlights the need for standardized, disease-specific, nurse-led approaches to support clinical integration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Protocol Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/tu7k3\">https:\/\/osf.io\/tu7k3<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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