{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:03:29Z","timestamp":1789625009052,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["West J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beliefs about childbirth shape women\u2019s expectations, decisions, and experiences. Although several tools assess related constructs such as fear or self-efficacy, few instruments focus specifically on childbirth beliefs. The Birth Beliefs Scale (BBS) addresses this gap by measuring 2 dimensions: beliefs in childbirth as a natural event and as a medical event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to adapt the BBS to the Portuguese context and evaluate its psychometric properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This methodological study involved cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing. The adaptation followed internationally recognized guidelines, including translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert review, and pretesting. Psychometric evaluation included exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The sample comprised 241 pregnant women enrolled in childbirth preparation programs in central Portugal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The original two-factor structure was partially confirmed following the removal of 3 items with low psychometric performance, including 2 related to labor pain. The Portuguese version (BBS-pt) demonstrated acceptable internal consistency for the Natural subscale (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.68) and lower consistency for the Medical subscale (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.58), suggesting cultural and contextual nuances in how birth beliefs are expressed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BBS-pt is a promising instrument for assessing birth beliefs among Portuguese women. While further refinement is needed, particularly regarding pain-related items, the scale provides a valuable foundation for both research and clinical practice. It may assist nurse-midwives and other maternity care providers in tailoring antenatal education and intrapartum support to women\u2019s individual belief patterns, thereby contributing to more personalized and woman-centered care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459261466136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:17:12Z","timestamp":1785842232000},"page":"1125-1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross-Cultural Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Birth Beliefs Scale Among Portuguese Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandrina","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing School, RISE-Health, University of Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.ijnmr_404_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2021.1913488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.2007.2953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1197-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003001393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31472-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13698575.2013.859231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/2156-5287.8.2.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2021.102987"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2016.1244180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03023-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2011.19.3.164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2015.07.187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2011.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2020.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2016.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"WHO Recommendations: Intrapartum Care for a Positive Childbirth Experience","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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