{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:40:09Z","timestamp":1761007209793,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]],"date-time":"2011-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the maturity of the peripheral vestibular system in Down syndrome by examining the number of Scarpa\u2019s ganglion cells and the density of vestibular hair cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2010control study using human temporal bones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary academic center, otopathology laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen temporal bones from 8 patients with Down syndrome and 15 control temporal bones from 8\u00a0individuals with no history of otologic disease were selected. Hypoplasia of the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) and vestibule was investigated by measuring the dimensions of the structures. Scarpa\u2019s ganglion cells were counted under light microscopy. The vestibular hair cells were counted in the LSC crista and the utricular and saccular maculae under differential interference contrast (Nomarski) microscopy and expressed as density.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients with Down syndrome were divided into 2\u00a0groups: with and without LSC hypoplasia. The number of Scarpa\u2019s ganglion cells and the density of vestibular hair cells were significantly smaller in both groups of patients with Down syndrome than in the control group. There was no significant difference in the number of Scarpa\u2019s ganglion cells or the density of vestibular hair cells between the groups with and without LSC hypoplasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The peripheral vestibular system, including Scarpa\u2019s ganglion cells and vestibular hair cells, is hypoplastic irrespective of the vestibular malformation in Down syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810391204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]],"date-time":"2011-01-31T13:13:59Z","timestamp":1296479639000},"page":"280-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Peripheral Vestibular System in Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Taro","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norimasa","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Kawasaki Medical School Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebahattin","family":"Cureoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Paparella Ear Head and Neck Institute Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Schachern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigenobu","family":"Nomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Nomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Paparella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 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symptoms in otosclerosis\u2014correlation of otosclerotic involvement of vestibular apparatus and Scarpa\u2019s ganglion cell count","volume":"17","author":"Saim L","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000169776.69409.f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000169051.69254.85"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck 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