{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:53:50Z","timestamp":1781585630842,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]],"date-time":"2011-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technology that provides cross\u2010sectional subsurface tissue structure images using back\u2010scattered light, is a promising noninvasive imaging modality for in vivo assessment of vocal fold layered microstructure. Polarization\u2010sensitive OCT (PS\u2010OCT) augments conventional OCT by detecting changes in the polarization state of reflected light. This study imaged various benign and malignant laryngeal pathologies in patients undergoing direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia to determine whether PS\u2010OCT would provide useful additional information about vocal fold microstructure and glottic surface pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective clinical trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary care center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three patients who were undergoing microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia for benign (n = 18) and malignant (n = 5) glottic disease were imaged bilaterally with OCT and PS\u2010OCT (n = 46 vocal folds). Intraoperative microphotography guided placement of the imaging probe. Normal\u2010appearing glottic tissue was also imaged if present. When clinically indicated, biopsy or complete removal of the lesion established histologic confirmation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PS\u2010OCT provided high\u2010quality, vertical, cross\u2010sectional images up to 1.2\u2010mm deep that complemented microlaryngoscopy and conventional OCT for vocal fold pathologies. Scar tissue was visualized by PS\u2010OCT, characterized by a birefringence pattern more intense than that of normal glottic tissue. Cancer typically showed disruption or absence of both layered structure and birefringence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combining PS\u2010OCT with OCT during human vocal cord imaging provides useful information in characterizing vocal cord lesions, particularly scar tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811403078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:13:42Z","timestamp":1301616822000},"page":"91-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Polarization\u2010Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Benign and Malignant Laryngeal Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"James A.","family":"Burns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Harvard Medical School Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Hean","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes F.","family":"deBoer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Rox","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Zeitels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Harvard Medical School Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","article-title":"Experimental researches into the physiology of the human voice","author":"Bishop J","year":"1836","journal-title":"The London & Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine & Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"239","article-title":"Phonosurgery: basic and clinical investigations","volume":"21","author":"Hirano M","year":"1975","journal-title":"Otologia (Fukuoka)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","unstructured":"HiranoM.Structure of the vocal fold in normal and diseased states: anatomical and physical studies.Proceedings of the Conference on the Assessment of Vocal Pathology; 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