{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:38:41Z","timestamp":1761007121295,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,4]],"date-time":"2011-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the efficacy of wiping the nasal atomizer tip with 70% isopropanol versus using single\u2010use plastic atomizer tip guards in preventing cross\u2010contamination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010center, prospective, partially blinded, alternating double\u2010arm trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specialty\u2010specific otolaryngology emergency room.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010four consecutive patients who presented to an emergency room received nasal anesthetic with a Venturi atomizer. The atomizers for one half of patients were cleaned with an isopropyl alcohol pad immediately after use (group A). The atomizers for the other half were used with a sterile tip cover in place (group B). The effectiveness of 2 different methods in preventing contamination of the atomizer tip was compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the 17 atomizers from group A was contaminated (5.9%); 15 of the 17 atomizers from group B were contaminated (88.2%). This represents a difference of 82.3%, or a risk ratio of 15:1 against the use of nasal tip guards (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 000002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Venturi atomizer tips frequently become contaminated despite the use of a sterile tip cover. This happens at a dramatically decreased rate with the use of isopropyl alcohol for cleaning. Clinical significance of this contamination is uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811404318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,5]],"date-time":"2011-04-05T20:18:44Z","timestamp":1302034724000},"page":"411-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Decontamination of Nasal Atomizer Tips"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Kieff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(94)90095-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2001.110213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100122029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240201600401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59980300125-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","unstructured":"2010 RhinoGuard tip covers.St Paul MN:Summit Medical Inc;2011.http:\/\/www.summitmedicalusa.com\/products\/ent\/rhinology\/rhinoguard.phpAccessed February 7 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240401800304"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599811404318","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599811404318","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599811404318","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:53:41Z","timestamp":1760961221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599811404318"}},"subtitle":["Alcohol versus Guards"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,4]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599811404318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599811404318","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-02-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-04-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}