{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:59:24Z","timestamp":1792108764933,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,2]],"date-time":"2011-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fat injections in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). The study involved 10 patients (6 adults aged 19\u201048 years and 4 children aged 5\u201013 years) with mild\/moderate VPI who were injected with 3.5 to 8\u00a0mL of fat in the posterior, lateral pharyngeal walls and soft palate under general anaesthesia. A second fat\u2010grafting procedure was performed in 2 patients to achieve further improvement. Nasoendoscopy revealed a reduction in the closure gap in all patients, and the perceptual evaluation demonstrated improved speech intelligibility and resonance and reduced nasal air leakage in all cases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 005). The aerodynamic assessment showed a significant reduction in nasal airflow during phonation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05). Follow\u2010up was 6 to 23\u00a0months. In conclusion, fat injections improved voice resonance and reduced nasal air escape in all treated cases and can be a promising alternative to major procedures, such as velopharyngoplasties, for the treatment of mild\/moderate VPI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811411655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,3]],"date-time":"2011-06-03T08:47:54Z","timestamp":1307090874000},"page":"401-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency by Pharyngeal and Velar Fat Injections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Cantarella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo F.","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Specialistiche University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Baracca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Pignataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Specialistiche University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199601000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111000213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1157-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31069-5"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599811411655","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599811411655","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599811411655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:53:42Z","timestamp":1760961222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599811411655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,2]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599811411655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599811411655","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-06-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}