{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T02:34:28Z","timestamp":1773110068246,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]],"date-time":"2011-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the effectiveness and morbidity of 3\u00a0microinvasive tongue base surgical procedures combined with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in supine\u2010dependent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, randomized clinical study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>A tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty OSA patients were randomly advised to undergo UPPP combined with low\u2010temperature bipolar radiofrequency (group 1), submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision with radiofrequency (SMILE\u2010R; group 2), or submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision with a harmonic scalpel (SMILE\u2010H; group 3). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the visual analog scale (VAS) for snoring, the pre\u2010 and postoperative 3\u2010month polysomnography (PSG) findings, and the decrease in tongue volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared. The operation times, the postoperative pain VAS score, the analgesic requirement, and the time in commencing a normal diet were compared in the 3\u00a0groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The decrease in apnea\u2010hypopnea index (AHI) and supine AHI values at the postoperative 3\u2010month time point was significant in group 2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05). The decrease in tongue volume at the 3\u2010month postoperative time point according to the MRI evaluations was higher in groups 1 and 2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05). In the subjective comparison of effectiveness, there was no significant difference. The operation time was significantly lower in group 3. In the assessment of postoperative pain, no significant difference was found between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>When the PSG findings and MRI were evaluated, UPPP + SMILE\u2010R were found to be more effective. No significant difference was found between the 3 techniques when morbidity and complications were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811414793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]],"date-time":"2011-08-09T02:13:54Z","timestamp":1312856034000},"page":"858-864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Comparison of Minimally Invasive Techniques in Tongue Base Surgery in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Mehmet Ali","family":"Babademez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kecioren Training and Research Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Yorubulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primer Medical Imaging Center Ankara 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