{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:54:29Z","timestamp":1787932469672,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,2]],"date-time":"2011-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) Explain the need for an animal model to study intracranial injuries to the facial nerve. (2) Describe various techniques attempted to identify and crush the intracranial segment of the facial nerve in a rat model. (3) Describe in detail a successful rat model of intracranial facial nerve crush injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized controlled animal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple attempts at surgical approaches to the cerebellopontine angle were attempted on cadaveric rats. Once a successful approach was derived, this was used on 19 live rats under anesthesia. Fourteen rats had a 1\u2010minute facial nerve crush performed, and 5 had a sham surgery with complete surgical exposure of the facial nerve but no crush. Rats were followed for a 12\u2010week duration evaluating immediate postoperative facial nerve function, complications, and survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 14 (100%) rats that underwent surgery with crush injury had complete facial paralysis postoperatively. Complete facial paralysis was defined as loss of eye\u2010blink reflex, flat vibrissae, and lack of vibrissae movement. The 5 sham surgery rats had complete facial function postoperatively. Surgery was performed by 2 separate surgeons with no difference in outcome between the 2. Complications occurred in only 1 animal (1\/19, 5.3%), which was a corneal abrasion requiring sacrifice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our group describes a consistent method for performing an intracranial crush injury in the rat. This new model and its applications in translational facial nerve research are promising, particularly with tumors or lesions at the cerebellopontine angle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811427531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,2]],"date-time":"2011-11-02T23:00:59Z","timestamp":1320274859000},"page":"326-330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Rat Model for Intracranial Facial Nerve Crush Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Ryan C.","family":"Burgette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent J.","family":"Benscoter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina N.","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy Program Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Kircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Ear Institute Farmington Hills Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash V.","family":"Mantravadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam J.","family":"Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Cell Biology Indiana University Medical Center Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Foecking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA"},{"name":"Research Service Department of Veterans Affairs Edward Hines Jr Hospital Hines Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200010000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405512"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle","author":"Samii M","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle","author":"Hadlock T","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.7.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00178-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)30966-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Acoustic Tumors","author":"House WF","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198610000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.4.0643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199704000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Revision Surgery in Otolaryngology","author":"Ellul S","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903040207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08990229509093656"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599811427531","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0194599811427531","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0194599811427531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:57:58Z","timestamp":1760965078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0194599811427531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,2]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0194599811427531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599811427531","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-10-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-11-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}