{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:20:41Z","timestamp":1791015641201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]],"date-time":"2012-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of biofilms and the effects of medical treatment modalities in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients without nasal polyps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Settings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary referral hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors randomly divided 32 adult patients with CRS without nasal polyps into 2\u00a0groups. In the first group (n = 16), oral clarithromycin was administered 500\u00a0mg\/bid for 2 weeks and then 250\u00a0mg\/d for the following 6 weeks. In the second group (n = 16), an 8\u2010week course of 200\u2010mcg\/d topical mometasone furoate was added to the clarithromycin regimen, identical to the first group. The pre\u2010 and posttreatment nasal tissue samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy for biofilm prevalence and graded from 0 to 3 according to density and extension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biofilms were detected in 24 of 32 patients (75%) before the treatment (grades 1\u20103). Biofilms were detected in 14 of 32 patients (43.8%) after the treatment (grades 1\u20102). When each group was evaluated independently, there was a significant improvement after the treatment in both groups I and II. When the biofilm grades of group I were compared to those of group II, there was no significant difference both in the pre\u2010 and posttreatment evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of biofilms in CRS without polyps was 75% in our study. Regression of biofilms to 43% was observed under medical treatment. Adding nasal steroids to macrolides gave no further benefit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811434101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,13]],"date-time":"2012-01-13T02:05:28Z","timestamp":1326420328000},"page":"669-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Prevalence of Biofilms and Their Response to Medical Treatment in Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Emel \u00c7adall\u0131","family":"Tatar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health D\u0131\u015fkap\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t Training and Research Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130lkan","family":"Tatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University Medical School Department of Anatomy Ankara 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